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n. 男孩子，儿子8 次
The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch after groundbreaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development.
这位来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法学校男孩在学术上打出了漂亮的一拳：一项开创性研究表明，莎士比亚确实有益于儿童的读写能力和情感发展。
Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards — winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you.
青少年对社交奖赏尤为敏感——赢得比赛、给新朋友留下好印象、让那个男孩注意到你。
Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
宫廷、学校、业余团体以及巡回演员在满足人们对戏剧娱乐的普遍需求方面相互竞争；而且，(47) 凡是上过文法学校的男孩，无不知道戏剧是一种曾为希腊和罗马带来荣耀、也可能为英国带来荣誉的文学形式。
Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.
追求文学造诣的剧本是为学校或宫廷而写，或是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩而写的，不过这些男孩既在宫廷演出，也公开演出。
The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.
这个男孩坚信，只要读的书足够多，他就可以探索任意多条自己喜欢的职业道路。
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet — not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.
那个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他至今仍未停止阅读——即使在成为世界上最成功的人之一以后也是如此。
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Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。
What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.
而且，男孩和女孩都穿被视为不分性别的裙装。
n. 男性服务员1 次
Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
父亲出狱后不久，狄更斯在律师事务所找到了一份更好的差事——当跑腿的。他自学速记，后来得到了更好的工作，担任法庭速记员和议会记者。与此同时，狄更斯以记者的眼光记录身边的生活，尤其是任何滑稽或古怪的事情，并向一些不知名的杂志投寄短篇随笔。