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n. 世纪，（一）百年46 次
In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”
在我自己写的关于无线电的书中，我记录了一次开车途中的经历：“我了解了最新新闻，学到了一些17世纪的历史，还被一档关于听诊器历史的朴实节目惊人地教育了一番。”
Yet these objects aren’t truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later.
然而这些物品并非真的转瞬即逝，因为几十年甚至几百年后它们依然存在。
Innovation and research have relied on public participation in science for centuries.
几个世纪以来，创新和研究一直依赖于公众对科学的参与。
It was a musician who discovered the planet Uranus in the 18th century by making his own telescope with mirrors composed of copper and tin.
18世纪，正是一位音乐家用铜锡合金制成的镜片自制望远镜，发现了天王星。
As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.
正如罗玛·阿格拉沃尔在她妙趣横生的新书《螺母与螺栓》中所解释的，17世纪早期的弗吉尼亚人在打算搬家时，有时会把自己的房子烧掉。
The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to ____
17世纪早期弗吉尼亚人的例子是用来____
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When visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art, I came across a magnificent 15th-century Chinese sculpture.
参观巴尔的摩艺术博物馆时，我偶然看到了一件15世纪的精美中国雕塑。
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the [construction] of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.
从10世纪起，随着商贸和旅行路线日益发达，商队客栈的修建数量增加，成为人们夜间休息的安全场所。
Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden.
这些照片是杰克逊在19世纪后期穿越黄石盆地的一次考察中拍摄的，那次考察由美国领地地质和地理调查局局长费迪南德·V·海登主持。
Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.
两个世纪前，保护自然而非开发自然的理念，对许多美国定居者来说是一个新奇的想法。公众开始支持土地保护工作——尤其是认识到黄石地区的壮美——的转折点之一，是以生动照片的形式出现的。
In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.
18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其描写自然的诗歌而成名。
More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology in culture.
半个多世纪前，麻省理工学院开设了高级视觉研究中心（CAVS），以探索技术在文化中的作用。
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?).
作为一名总在寻找能让我们重新评价过去的文字或图像的历史学家，我开始热衷于寻找那些展现我们维多利亚时代祖先微笑的照片（还有什么比这更好的方式来打破19世纪拘谨古板的形象呢？）。
They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
它们反映了19世纪的社会习俗。
Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.
直到本世纪之前，大学图书馆对价格都不太敏感。
Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.
继14世纪佛罗伦萨被称为“文艺复兴”的创造力大爆发之后，现代世界开始背离它曾经熟知的一切。
Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.
文艺复兴思想传遍欧洲，一直延续到17世纪，艺术和科学在那些更具逻辑思维倾向的人群中异常繁荣。
This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.
这一事实本身就体现了17世纪大部分时间里席卷欧洲的新思维方式。
The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.
17和18世纪是一个剧烈变革、充满好奇的时代。
This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley.
今年恰逢玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦——现代普罗米修斯》出版整整两百周年。
At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.
本世纪初，约三分之一的农作物工人年龄超过35岁。
It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
然而，这并不表明他们开始认真对待为适应21世纪而改造邮政系统的问题。
The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power.
这座大楼最初被称为国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪最初25年——美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了与制定和执行国家外交政策关系最为密切的三个行政部门。
The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power.
这座大楼最初被称为国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪最初25年——美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了与制定和执行国家外交政策关系最为密切的三个行政部门。
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.
GDP及其有用性的问题已经困扰了政策制定者半个多世纪。
Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.
查尔斯·狄更斯可能是19世纪最著名的英国小说家，在许多人看来也是最伟大的。
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.
几个世纪以来，人们一直在思考没有工作的未来。
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”
一个世纪前，奥克塔维娅·希尔创立国民信托，并不是为了拯救时髦的房屋，而是为了“为所有人永远留住自然之地的美”。
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.
半个世纪的城乡规划使英国保持了令人羡慕的乡村整体风貌，同时仍允许低密度的城市生活。
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
一项最新民调发现，在经济和人口结构发生剧变的背景下，年轻一代美国人正在绘制一幅21世纪的新的成功路线图。
Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
法学教授奥林·科尔将21世纪数字信息的爆炸式增长和易获取性，与20世纪汽车成为几乎必不可少的生活必需品相提并论：当年大法官们必须为乘用车这一新的私人领域制定新规则；如今他们必须理清第四修正案如何适用于数字信息。
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration — one of the great folk wanderings of history — swept from Europe to America.
在17世纪和18世纪初的一百年间，一股移民潮——历史上伟大的民族迁徙之一——从欧洲席卷至美洲。
(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.
(49) 第一批前往今天美国领土的移民乘船横渡大西洋，是在15、16世纪北美探险之后一百多年的事。
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
为鼓励创新与竞争，报告呼吁增加科研投入，制定连贯的课程以提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资助，并鼓励学者运用自己的学识应对当今的重大挑战。
It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says.
黑格尔说，是时候重新设计工作方式了，因为我们仍然依赖着非常20世纪式的工作观念。
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.
在一个“一般”已正式终结的世界里，为了支持就业我们需要做很多事情，但没有什么比通过某种21世纪版的《退伍军人权利法案》更重要了，以确保每个美国人都能接受高中后教育。
to pass more bills in the 21st century.
在21世纪通过更多法案。
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.
一个世纪前，横渡大西洋而来的移民中既有定居者，也有旅居者。
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.
20世纪下半叶，一批天才、斗士、企业家和远见卓识者努力创造出一台神奇的机器，它可以充当打字机和印刷机、工作室和剧院、画笔和画廊、钢琴和收音机，既是邮件，也是邮递员。
The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.
计算机是21世纪的文化机器。
One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium — television — and television is defined by downloading.
这种生产金字塔之所以持续存在，原因之一是在过去半个世纪里，世界上大部分媒体文化都由单一媒介——电视——所定义，而电视的本质就是下载。
This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, [but] an average guy, up [against] the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
他不是志愿兵，也不是报酬丰厚的人，而是一个普通人，却要对抗几百年来训练最精良、装备最好、最凶猛、最残暴的敌人。
Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.
直到20世纪初，儿童根本没有用颜色来区分：在家用洗衣机出现之前的年代，出于实际考虑，所有婴儿都穿白色，因为把衣服洗干净的唯一办法就是用水煮。
It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry [because] they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
19世纪末曾有人提出，人不是因为悲伤才哭泣，而是在眼泪开始流下时才变得悲伤。
For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.
为了争取热爱艺术的公众的时间、注意力和金钱，古典器乐演奏家不仅要与歌剧院、舞蹈团、剧团和博物馆竞争，还要与20世纪伟大古典音乐家的演出录音竞争。
In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses — usually around 1,200 square feet — than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
20世纪30年代，弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特开始建造更朴素、更实用的房屋——通常约1200平方英尺——与他在19世纪90年代和20世纪初设计的那些铺展开来的两层楼房相比更为简约。