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大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
n. 纪律，学科7 次
As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.
随着科学技术不断进步并分化出更多的分支学科，该中心同时也在期待这样一个时代：顶尖的研究人员也可以是艺术家、作家和诗人，反之亦然。
businesses’ self-discipline.
企业的自律
It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
可能我们正在形成两个社会科学家群体：一个以学科为导向，在高度专业化的期刊上发表文章；另一个以问题为导向，在其他地方发表成果，例如政策简报。
So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.
因此，各学科不仅垄断了知识的生产，还垄断了知识生产者的培养。
No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.
没有哪个学科像人文学科这样热衷于专业化。梅南先生指出，你可以用三年成为律师，用四年成为医生。但在人文学科获得博士学位的正常时间却是九年。毫不奇怪，多达一半的英语专业博士生在获得学位前就退学了。
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read” — they form a sort of social glue.
他关注的主要是人文学科：文学、语言、哲学等。这些学科正在变得不受欢迎：如今22%的美国大学毕业生主修商科，而主修历史的只有2%，主修英语的只有4%。然而，许多美国一流大学希望本科生打好基础，掌握每一个受过教育的人都应具备的基本思想经典。但大多数大学难以就“通识教育”应该是什么样子达成一致。梅南先生指出，在哈佛，“名著之所以被阅读，是因为它们一直被人阅读”——它们形成了一种社会黏合剂。
展开其余 1 条收起
Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
市场已不再相信，欧元区的各经济体无论强弱，终有一天会因共用单一货币的约束而趋于一致；这种约束使缺乏竞争力的成员国无法采用货币贬值这一权宜之计。
n. 自律，（思维、行为的）训练，修养大纲外1 次
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills — and in their choices on when to share on social media.
因此，当年轻人批评一位过度发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维能力上的一种心智修养——也体现在他们何时在社交媒体上分享的选择上。