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- n. 场地，场所未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
n. 地，地面，土地7 次
Restoration is about more than what gets planted in the ground, she says.
她说，恢复工作不仅仅关乎在地里种下什么。
Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.
航空技术，例如由飞机或航天器搭载的各类雷达和摄影设备，使考古学家无需挖掘就能了解地下埋藏着什么。
How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
当地面上什么也看不见时，考古学家怎么知道到哪里去找他们要找的东西呢？通常，他们会对大片地域进行勘测和取样（进行试掘），以确定在哪里发掘能获得有用的信息。勘测和试样对于了解包含考古遗址在内的更大范围的地貌也变得十分重要。
Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。
Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。
Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。
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Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.
他们的《奥拉夫街习作》呈现了一块散落着砖块的方形荒地，是这里少数几件拥抱平凡的作品之一，而这种平凡正是我们大多数时候对风景的大部分体验的特征。
v. （in）使基于，以…为根据大纲外2 次
grounded
基于……的
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study.
婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼解释说，只有在把这种快速反应建立在“厚切片”式的长期研究基础之上后，我们才能可靠地对信息进行快速的“薄切片”判断。
n. 理由，根据1 次
But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.
但很少有哪个地方的客户比美国的客户更有理由抱怨。
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“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little action on the ground.
“虽然英国政府已表明了扩大植树的雄心，但实际行动却很少。
Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos’ treatment of animals with their educational potential.
肯定存在某种折中办法，能在动物园对待动物的方式与其教育潜力之间取得平衡。
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.
历届政府都允许这样的涨价，理由是投资和运营铁路网的成本应由使用者承担，而不是由普通纳税人承担。
Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
微软自己的Office在“生产力”软件市场占主导地位，但这两家初创公司代表了专为智能手机世界从零开始设计的新一波技术。
Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
超越文化战争中非对即错的逻辑，意味着开辟中间地带，并认识到如今的移民管理需要多种途径和多种结果，其中包括一些在现行体制下难以合法实现的结果。