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- a. 有份的，参与的未考
n. 参加者，参与者19 次
In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example).
2011年，斯帕罗主持了一项研究，要求参与者把40条趣闻琐事录入电脑（例如“鸵鸟的眼睛比它的大脑还大”）。
Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved.
一半参与者被告知这些信息将被删除，另一半则被告知信息会被保存。
And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.
而且，在加州大学洛杉矶分校塞默尔神经科学与人类行为研究所2008年开展的一项有24名参与者的研究中，对于精通电脑的老年人来说，上网比阅读更能锻炼大脑。
The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
参与者填写了调查问卷，说明他们做利他且积极的事情（比如牺牲自己的利益去帮助朋友）以及做叛逆且消极的事情（比如喝醉或在外面待到很晚）的频率。
The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants must not fall into the trap of stereotyping each other.
艺术与科学合作的范围需要超越传播研究成果这一必要目的，参与者也绝不能陷入对彼此抱有刻板印象的陷阱。
In one study of the ability she called “thin slicing” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness.
已故心理学家纳里妮·安巴迪在一项针对她称之为“薄片撷取”能力的研究中，让参与者观看教授们10秒钟的无声视频片段，并对授课者的整体教学效果打分。
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Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory.
另一组参与者在观看视频片段时，必须从1000开始以9为单位倒数，以此占用他们有意识的工作记忆。
She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
当参与者观看两人一组的15秒视频片段，并判断他们是陌生人、朋友还是恋人时，她也发现了类似的干扰。
In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).
在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组共八项任务，其中四项调用反思性思维（辨别规则、理解词汇），四项调用直觉和创造力（构想新产品或修辞手法）。
In Ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped dramatically when participants ____
在安巴迪的研究中，当参与者____时，评分准确率急剧下降
On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.
总体而言，按照这一指示去做的参与者比那些被要求默默站着或坐着的人感觉更好。
The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
Sci-Hub依靠研究人员转发他们自己合法获取的副本而取得成功，这表明合法的出版生态系统已在其用户中失去了正当性，必须加以变革，使其对所有参与者都有效。
Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”
肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各州谋求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平的环境中竞争”。
For one [trial], each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.
在其中一项试验中，研究人员向每位参与者展示了一堆笔，并声称这些笔来自之前的一项实验。
In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to [predict] how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to [choose] to see such an image.
在最后一项实验中，被鼓励预测自己在看到一张令人不快的图片后会有何感受的参与者，选择观看此类图片的可能性更小。
In a recent study [involving] over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs [on] the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being [exposed] to the virus.
在最近一项{{5}}400多名健康成年人的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和获得拥抱{{6}}参与者在{{7}}病毒后患普通感冒易感性的影响。
Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they [went through] with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”
尽管参与者并未预期会有积极的体验，但在他们完成实验后，“没有一个人表示感到尴尬。”
Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.
也没有任何证据表明，那些自我提升最严重的人（即认为美化程度最高的照片是真实照片的参与者）这样做是为了弥补深层的不安全感。
They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.
他们是由工作、资金和思想的流动所驱动的全球经济中充满活力的参与者。