position简单

Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。

In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.

尤其是，除非女性参与高层管理决策，否则企业职场永远不可能完全照顾到家庭，而欧洲的公司治理高层职位仍然绝大多数由男性占据。

Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.

事实上，女性仅占欧洲公司董事会席位的14%。

Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.

配额制能促成行动：雷丁认为，它们“为平等开辟道路，并打破玻璃天花板”，这一效果已在法国以及其他对女性担任企业高层职位有法律约束性规定的国家中得到体现。

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions — no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them.

毕竟，四十年来的证据已经表明，无论对欧洲和美国的公司施加多大的“软压力”，它们都在回避按照能力录用女性并将其提拔到高层职位。

get top business positions.

获得企业高层职位。

maintain its position in the industry.

保持其在该行业中的地位。

raise women’s position in politics.

提高女性的政治地位。

The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（EEOB）在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产中都占据着独特的地位。它由财政部监督建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，于1871年至1888年间建造，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部日益增多的工作人员，被认为是美国法国第二帝国风格建筑的最佳范例之一。

Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures.

复杂的国际、经济、技术和文化变化可能会开始削弱英语作为世界市场语言的主导地位，而那些得益于英语广泛使用的英国利益群体也将因此面临新的压力。

(47) His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

(47) 因此，他的分析应该会让那些自鸣得意的人清醒过来，这些人可能认为英语的全球地位如此稳固，以至于英国的年轻一代不需要掌握其他语言能力。

keep a leading position in liberal education.

在博雅教育方面保持领先地位。

The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels.

英国目前这种状况的原因很复杂，从对生产性林业的过时看法到灰松鼠对树木的大量毁坏，不一而足。

Having asserted your opinion (as a position, not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views.

在表明了你的观点（作为一种立场，而非事实）之后，要对其他观点表现出同等的好奇。

None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win — in one way.

这些伎俩都不能帮助你理解他们、他们的立场或使你们产生分歧的问题，但它们能帮你赢——在某种意义上。

Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.

下次你陈述自己的立场时，为你的主张构建一个论证，并诚实地问问自己这个论证是否站得住脚。

There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

有一种更好的方式来赢得争论。设想你赞成提高我们州的最低工资，而我不赞成。如果你大喊“赞成”，我大喊“反对”，我们谁都学不到任何东西。我们既不理解也不尊重对方，也没有妥协或合作的基础。相反，假设你给出一个合理的论证：全职工人不应该生活在贫困之中。然后我用另一个合理的论证来反驳：更高的最低工资会迫使企业雇用更少的人、缩短雇用时间。这样我们就能理解彼此的立场，并认识到我们共同的价值观，因为我们都关心贫困的工人。

positions

位置

During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.

在19世纪40年代和50年代，即摄影的早期，曝光时间之长是出了名的：银版照相法（在镀银铜板上成像）可能需要几分钟才能完成，拍摄对象一挪动位置或调整四肢，图像就会模糊。

Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.

图书馆员拥有独特的优势，能够了解终端用户如何查找和使用信息。