public简单

There is no other institution, public or private, that can say the same.

没有任何其他机构——无论公立还是私营——能做到这一点。

An annual survey by the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy puts it at nearly 800 across the UK; official statistics held by the Arts Council record 230 in England.

英国特许公共财务会计师协会的年度调查显示，全英国有近800家图书馆关闭；而艺术委员会掌握的官方统计数据则记录英格兰有230家关闭。

What was the author commissioned to do about English public libraries?

作者受委托对英格兰公共图书馆做什么？

With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing our investment in other public services.

候诊名单上有超过680万人，对于那些无法选择自费接受私人治疗的人来说，医疗服务越来越难以获得；而提供医疗服务的成本正日益挤压我们对其他公共服务的投入。

This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.

这种冲突凸显了公共空间由使用者驱动的自然演变，与人们对视觉上精心设计、受控的城市环境的渴望之间持续存在的矛盾。

the call to upgrade the designing of public spaces.

升级公共空间设计的呼声。

growing concerns over the loss of public spaces.

对公共空间流失日益加深的担忧。

offer their services to public institutions.

向公共机构提供服务。

Having said that, I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact, be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty.

话虽如此，我确实认为，任何进入公共博物馆的文物，实际上都应当被认定是通过借展、合法购买或依据条约获得的。

“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,” Menke wrote.

门克写道：“美国医学会建议医生，如果有明确证据表明病人驾驶能力严重受损、对病人和公众安全构成严重威胁，而医生停止驾驶的建议又被置之不理，那么通知机动车管理部门是可取的，也是合乎职业道德的。”

have gained public recognition.

获得了公众认可。

High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.

埃丽卡·格温说，通过课外活动对所在社区产生了强大积极影响的高中生可能会给大学留下深刻印象并赢得奖学金。她曾是一所公立高中数理特色项目的助理，现任亚特兰大非营利组织万花筒职业学院的执行主任。

“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion,” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education.

“他们轻率地把学者和科学家毕生的工作当作又一种被误导的观点而不予理会，”得克萨斯自由网络的高级传播策略师丹·奎因说，该组织是一个监督公共教育的非营利团体。

“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”

“数百万得州孩子在公立学校里学到什么，往往由带有党派倾向的委员会成员的政治意识形态决定，而不是由事实和可靠的学术研究决定。”

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。

climate education is insufficient at state public schools.

州立公立学校的气候教育不足。

agrees to major public demands.

顺应了主要的公众诉求。

Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.

两个世纪前，保护自然而非开发自然的理念，对许多美国定居者来说是一个新奇的想法。公众开始支持土地保护工作——尤其是认识到黄石地区的壮美——的转折点之一，是以生动照片的形式出现的。

However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”

不过，人造草坪的使用必须遵守现行的法律和政策保障措施，以保护生物多样性并确保可持续排水；同时，诸如强化的生物多样性义务之类的措施应当促使公共机构考虑可持续的替代方案。”

affect the public image of the firms.

影响公司的公众形象

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula.

在伦敦公共档案馆研究斯科维尔的文件时，我发现他留下了大量日记和丰富的笔记，记录了他在半岛的工作。

re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image.

重新评价了维多利亚时代人的公众形象观念。

It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in a meeting or other public space.

如果你正在开会或身处其他公共场合，推迟这次谈话也是个好主意。

In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them.

在一系列研究中，研究人员让芝加哥地区乘坐公共交通工具的通勤者与身边的人搭话。

Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.

去年11月，马德里对污染最严重的汽车推出了雄心勃勃的限制措施，被誉为公共卫生领域的指路明灯。

should be put under public supervision.

应当置于公众监督之下。

are drawing growing public attention.

正引起越来越多的公众关注。

For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention — so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money.

对公立院校来说，州政府的拨款有时部分取决于它们在毕业率和学生保留率等指标上的表现——因此，更好的成绩可以通过提升这类数据而带来更多资金。

causes little public concern.

几乎没有引起公众关注。

What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.

重要的是，这些算法将归属于一个利用公共资源开发它们的私人垄断企业。

When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.

莎士比亚十二岁时，伦敦建起了第一座公共剧院。

For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.

有一段时间，文学界对这一公共舞台毫无兴趣。

(49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

(49) 本土的文学戏剧已经诞生，它与公共剧院的联盟已经建立，并且至少它的一些伟大传统已经开创。

But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.

但对航空旅客要求过多，或者作为回报提供的安全保障太少，都会削弱公众对这一程序的支持。

“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”

首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨代表法院写道：“代议制政府赖以存在的基本契约，是假定公职人员会倾听选民的意见，并针对他们关心的问题采取行动。”

The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are ____

法院的裁决基于这样一个假设：公职人员____

invest in public sports facilities.

投资公共体育设施。

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.

另一个全国性的问题是，其他机构的公共资金是否被投入到火灾易发地区的建设中。

“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.

“从公共支出的角度来看，这对整个国家来说已经是一个大问题，”他说。

guarantee safer spending of public funds.

确保公共资金的使用更安全。

public debates have not settled yet.

公众辩论尚未平息。

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

调查发现，与年长者相比，刚刚踏上人生道路的年轻人更有可能在工作中优先考虑个人成就感，更有可能相信定期换工作最能推进自己的事业，更喜欢公共服务更多、生活节奏更快的社区，更认同夫妻在结婚或生育之前应当经济上有保障，并坚持认为父母双方都在外工作对孩子最为有利。

When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

当公众舆论特别两极分化时，就像佛朗哥政权结束后那样，君主可以超越“单纯的”政治，“体现”民族团结的精神。

But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

但与海湾地区和亚洲的专制君主不同，大多数王室之所以得以存续，是因为它们让选民免于艰难地寻找一位没有争议又受人尊敬的公众人物。

used to enjoy high public support.

曾经享有很高的公众支持。

to give voters more public figures to look up to.

为了给选民更多可以仰慕的公众人物。

Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role”.

哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、统计审稿编辑委员会成员乔瓦尼·帕尔米贾尼表示，他预计该委员会将“主要发挥咨询作用”。

Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets and self-reliance — as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.

如今，教授们习惯性地把进步主义的历史解读和进步主义的公共政策当作正当的研究对象，而把保守主义或古典自由主义的思想——如自由市场和自力更生——描绘成不属于常规的、有时甚至是不属于正当的学术研究范围。

conservative about public policy.

在公共政策上持保守态度。

The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants.

住房行业需要接受这一点：我们几乎不可能再回到大规模公共拨款的时代了。

review the need for large-scale public grants.

重新审视大规模公共拨款的必要性。

If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women — whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers — and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

如果有适当的公共政策来帮助所有女性——无论是首席执行官还是照看其孩子的保姆——以及所有家庭，那么桑德伯格就不会比生活在一个更加公正的社会中的其他任何能力出众的人更具新闻价值。

suitable public policies.

合适的公共政策。

Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.

她对许多公共卫生运动乏力无效的批评切中要害：这些运动未能调动同伴压力来培养健康习惯，而且表现出对心理学严重错误的理解。

Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

罗森伯格令人信服地指出，公共卫生倡导者应当向善于运用同伴压力的广告商学习。

Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should ____

罗森伯格认为公共卫生倡导者应当____

Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust.

获准经营核电站是公众的托付。

In 2009 the number of unionists in America's public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector.

2009年，美国公共部门的工会会员人数超过了私营部门的工会会员人数。

In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.

在英国，超过一半的公共部门雇员加入了工会，而私营部门雇员中只有约15%加入工会。

There are three reasons for the public-sector unions' thriving.

公共部门工会的兴盛有三个原因。

A quarter of America's public-sector workers have a university degree.

美国四分之一的公共部门雇员拥有大学学位。

Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.

该党现任领袖埃德·米利班德之所以能获得这一职位，靠的是公共部门工会的选票。

Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state's budget is patrolled by unions.

加州公共政策研究所的马克·巴尔达萨雷指出，该州预算的很大一部分都在工会的监控之下。

Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.

政客们一再对公共部门的薪酬协议进行“后置”处理，即保持适度的加薪幅度，却增加本已丰厚的假期，尤其是养老金。

But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.

但公共部门内部的许多人也在现行制度下深受其害。

The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States.

美国公共部门雇员中，年收入远超25万美元的只有大学体育教练和美国总统。

Bankers' fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.

银行家的丰厚薪酬招致了诸多批评，但一个不奖励高成就者的公共部门体系对美国来说可能是个大得多的问题。

unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.

工会扩大了其在公共部门的会员规模。

Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.

公共部门工会行事谨慎。

Education is required for public-sector union membership.

加入公共部门工会需要一定的学历。

Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.

工党长期以来一直在与公共部门工会作斗争。

Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.

公共部门工会很少因其行为而陷入麻烦。

may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.

可能成为公共部门改革的障碍。

John Donahue's attitude towards the public-sector system is one of ____

约翰·多纳休对公共部门体系的态度是____

The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory.

浪漫主义者纪念他们那个时代的杰出画家和作家，强调的是艺术家个人经历的独特性，而非公众荣耀。

And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

它也改变了公众历史：楼下的仆人与楼上的主人变得同样引人入胜。

highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.

突出杰出艺术家的公众荣耀。

The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.

用于学术研究的公共资金的增长加速了这一进程：1960年至1990年间，联邦研究经费增长了三倍，而由于研究占用了大量精力，教师的授课时间却减少了一半。

They argue that all Internet users should be [forced] to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

他们认为，所有互联网用户都应被强制注册并验明身份，就像司机必须持证才能在公共道路上驾驶一样。

Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

今天，一些顶尖医生加入了关于政府在促进公众健康中应扮演何种角色的辩论，他们要求部长们对不健康食品征收“脂肪税”，并像对香烟那样向儿童发出警示，告诫他们不良饮食的危害。

The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.

这些要求是针对卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利上周的言论提出的。兰斯利坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康的选择，并承诺让企业摆脱公共卫生法规的束缚。

A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.

卫生部一位发言人说：“我们需要为公共卫生开创一个新愿景，让全社会共同努力，变得更健康、活得更长久。

(48) Scientists have employed a variety of ways to engage the general public in their research, such as making data analysis into an online game or sample collection into a smartphone application.

(48) 科学家们采用了多种方式让公众参与他们的研究，例如把数据分析做成网络游戏，或把样本采集做成智能手机应用程序。

invite wider public participation.

吸引更广泛的公众参与。

They may be unwelcome to the public.

它们可能不受公众欢迎。

the public concern over health.

公众对健康的关注。

draw the public’s attention to energy shortages.

引起公众对能源短缺的关注。

public discontent with education.

公众对教育的不满

sparked heated public disputes.

引发了激烈的公众争论

public participation in science has a promising future.

公众参与科学前景光明

are likely to go beyond public expectations.

很可能超出公众的预期

ignore public opinions.

忽视公众意见。

They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.

他们还需要比前任们更好的公关技能，因为即使一个小小的失误也可能代价巨大。

The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.

这项“追回”规定的主要目的是让银行家对有害的冒险行为负责，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。

invite public opinion on the plastics crisis.

征求公众对塑料危机的意见。

That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year.

这项合乎常理的改变得到了公众的广泛支持，每年可为美国邮政署节省20亿美元。

Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.

追求文学造诣的剧本是为学校或宫廷而写，或是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩而写的，不过这些男孩既在宫廷演出，也公开演出。

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.

运输安全管理局不能一边继续把资源投入到利用不足的“预检”通道，一边让大多数出行公众在不必要的队伍中受煎熬。

Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.

在接触官员方面的偏袒可能会加深公众对腐败的印象。

Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside ____

英国公众对乡村的情感____

unworthy of public attention.

不值得公众关注。

Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者作出发现；编辑和审稿人通过掌控发表过程充当把关人；其他科学家利用新发现服务于自己的目的；最终，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这项新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。

has attracted the attention of the general public.

引起公众关注。

For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.

为了争取热爱艺术的公众的时间、注意力和金钱，古典器乐演奏家不仅要与歌剧院、舞蹈团、剧团和博物馆竞争，还要与20世纪伟大古典音乐家的演出录音竞争。

They are easily accessible to the general public.

普通大众很容易获得它们。

having children is highly valued by the public.

生儿育女受到公众的高度重视。