study简单

The Time to Act study, which is published by the RSC this week, also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés” such as palm trees, target pupils were “more expansive [giving] a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions”.

RSC本周发布的这项名为“是时候表演了”的研究还发现，对照组学生依赖棕榈树之类的“荒岛套话”，而实验组学生则“更为开阔，[描绘出]天空、大海和天气状况的更宽广画面”。

The study showed the importance of embedding arts in education, she said.

她说，这项研究表明了将艺术融入教育的重要性。

The study divided the pupils into two groups to find whether ____

该研究将学生分为两组，以考察____

Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than 2 seconds during conversations, including an overview of previous studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences can be so extreme that people avoid talking to strangers, even though doing so is likely to be an enjoyable experience.

研究人员分析了谈话中超过2秒的停顿出现的频率及其影响，其中包括对以往研究的综述，这些研究表明，人们对尴尬沉默的恐惧可能极其强烈，以至于会避免与陌生人交谈，尽管与陌生人交谈很可能是一种愉快的经历。

The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults.

这一观点基于对博茨瓦纳昆族等群体的研究，在那里，每个孩子都由许多成年人照料。

One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

此前的一项研究考察了刚果民主共和国的埃菲人。

“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said.

“没有一个国家老年司机研究所，”她说。

Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study.

一项研究显示，强制亲自到场更新驾照与85岁及以上司机涉及的致命车祸减少31%相关。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。

It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.

在许多社会研究课程中，它也不那么突出。

The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that ____

第5段提到的研究表明____

In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example).

2011年，斯帕罗主持了一项研究，要求参与者把40条趣闻琐事录入电脑（例如“鸵鸟的眼睛比它的大脑还大”）。

In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.

在同一项研究中，有一组人被要求既记住信息，又记住存放信息的文件夹。

And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.

而且，在加州大学洛杉矶分校塞默尔神经科学与人类行为研究所2008年开展的一项有24名参与者的研究中，对于精通电脑的老年人来说，上网比阅读更能锻炼大脑。

Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ____

斯帕罗的研究表明，有了互联网，人脑将会____

A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.

莱顿大学的埃维琳·克罗内及其同事在《儿童发展》期刊上发表的一项新研究表明，青少年的积极面和消极面是相伴相生的。

The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.

这项研究是关于青春期的新一波思潮的一部分。

Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.

其他研究表明，叛逆行为在人进入青少年时期时会增多，随后随着年龄增长逐渐消退。

But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.

但这项新研究表明，有趣的是，亲社会行为也遵循同样的模式。

It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone’s study ____

从第2段可以得知，克罗内的研究____

What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?

关于亲社会行为，克罗内的研究发现了什么？

Beginning in 2006, some scientists have [argued] that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, [forming] “a plant nervous system, [analogous] to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They [even] claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”

该研究的第一作者林肯·泰兹说：“从2006年开始，一些科学家就主张植物拥有与激素和神经递质相互作用的类神经元细胞，从而构成‘一个类似于动物神经系统的植物神经系统’，他们甚至声称植物的根尖处有‘类似大脑的指挥中心’。”

Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study.

他们的作品也不应仅仅被视为研究对象。

More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology in culture.

半个多世纪前，麻省理工学院开设了高级视觉研究中心（CAVS），以探索技术在文化中的作用。

The founders deliberately focused their projects around light — hence the “visual studies” in the name.

创始人有意将他们的项目聚焦于光——这就是名称中“视觉研究”的由来。

Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.

它的项目旨在推进视觉研究

Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature, and the data points extracted from our studies do not, in any way, discount what is learned in a zoo visit.

我们的研究关注的是动物园体验对人们如何看待自身和自然的影响，从我们研究中提取的数据丝毫没有贬低参观动物园所学到的东西。

Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature, and the data points extracted from our studies do not, in any way, discount what is learned in a zoo visit.

我们的研究关注的是动物园体验对人们如何看待自身和自然的影响，从我们研究中提取的数据丝毫没有贬低参观动物园所学到的东西。

Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.

根据这项研究，其他原因还包括个人满足感，比如保持头脑健康、防止无聊或避免抑郁。

Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79.

德美利证券的这项研究调查了2,000名40至79岁的成年人，结果显示，由于寿命延长，美国人也在增加储蓄以保住他们的养老金。

In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.

在2019年一项针对53,000个产品页面和11,000个网站的研究中，研究人员发现大约每10个中就有1个采用了这些设计手法。

The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show ____

提到2019年关于暗黑模式的研究是为了说明____

But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

但发表在《认知》杂志上的一项新研究发现，至少在一种现实情境中，一堂伦理课可能产生了持久的影响。

They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering.

据该研究的合著者、加州大学河滨分校的哲学家埃里克·施维茨格贝尔说，他们选择这一特定行为有三个原因：学生对这一话题的态度多变且不稳定；这种行为很容易衡量；伦理学文献大体上认同少吃肉是好的，因为这能减少环境危害和动物痛苦。

“It’s an awesome data set,” says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.

“这是一个很棒的数据集，”在宾夕法尼亚大学教授商业伦理、未参与该研究的心理学家尼娜·斯特罗明格说。

But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks.

但在讨论过肉类伦理的学生受试者中，含肉餐食的购买比例从52%降到了45%——而且这一效果在为期数周的研究期间一直保持稳定。

Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable.

未参与该研究的宾夕法尼亚大学心理学家尼娜·斯特罗明格说，她希望这种效果是真实的，但无法排除某个未知混杂变量的影响。

One study found that muscle loss and the [accumulation] of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.

一项研究发现，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪的{{4}}与流体智力的下降有关。

It is hoped that future studies could [explain] these differences and perhaps lead to different [treatments] for men and women.

人们希望未来的研究能够{{14}}这些差异，或许还能为男性和女性带来不同的{{15}}。

The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.

此前唯一一项分析因果关系的研究以墨西哥一个实行了CCT的地区为基础，它支持了传统观点。

And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment.

而且无论能否推广，这项研究都表明，对人有益的东西也可能对环境有益。

The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that ____

引用基于墨西哥某地区的研究是为了说明____

In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out ____

在关于印度尼西亚的研究中，费拉罗想要弄清____

The process of a study.

一项研究的过程。

The transferability of a study.

一项研究的可推广性。

highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.

突出了社交媒体在维多利亚时代研究中的作用。

In one study of the ability she called “thin slicing” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness.

已故心理学家纳里妮·安巴迪在一项针对她称之为“薄片撷取”能力的研究中，让参与者观看教授们10秒钟的无声视频片段，并对授课者的整体教学效果打分。

In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).

在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组共八项任务，其中四项调用反思性思维（辨别规则、理解词汇），四项调用直觉和创造力（构想新产品或修辞手法）。

Nalini Ambady’s study deals with ____

纳里妮·安巴迪的研究涉及____

In Ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped dramatically when participants ____

在安巴迪的研究中，当参与者____时，评分准确率急剧下降

In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them.

在一系列研究中，研究人员让芝加哥地区乘坐公共交通工具的通勤者与身边的人搭话。

[While] studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no [conclusive] evidence that it causes cancer in humans.

虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤，但并没有确凿证据表明它会导致人类患癌。

According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

根据Catalyst的一项研究，2010年至2015年间，全球企业董事会中的女性比例增长了54%。

The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate ____

作者提到Catalyst的研究是为了说明____

“Eye contact and smiles” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

“眼神交流和微笑”可以传递出愿意交往和自信的信号，这一常识性观念得到了心理学家莫妮卡·穆尔研究的支持。

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.

在文艺复兴时期，尼古拉·哥白尼、约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略·伽利雷等伟大思想家展示了科学研究与发现的力量。

A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness.

哈佛商学院的一项研究发现，观察者对那些坦诚谈论自己的人的评价始终更高，而那些有所隐瞒的人则失去了可信度。

One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.

一项研究发现，人们对由负面转为正面的评价反应最好，这可能是因为这表明他们赢得了某人的认可。

In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.

在多项研究中，马尔蒂等人已经证明，内疚和同情可能代表着通往合作与分享的不同途径。

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children.

例如，在2014年的一项研究中，马尔蒂考察了244名儿童。

Scientists have found that exposure [to] this hormone puts us in a trusting [mood]: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their [counterparts] who inhaled something else.

科学家发现，接触{{8}}这种激素会让我们处于一种信任的{{9}}之中：在瑞士的一项研究中，研究人员将催产素喷入一半受试者的鼻腔；与吸入其他物质的{{10}}相比，这些受试者愿意借给陌生人的钱要多得多。

A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate [between] a credible person and a dishonest one.

加拿大的一项研究发现，年仅14个月大的孩子就能区分{{13}}可信的人和不诚实的人。

About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.

根据牛津大学的一项研究，美国约有一半的工作面临被自动化取代的高风险，而中产阶级受到的挤压格外严重。

Because humans have an inherent need to [resolve] uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.

根据《心理科学》上最近的一项研究，这是因为人类天生就有消除不确定性的需要。

Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

《混乱：无序改变生活的力量》一书的作者蒂姆·哈福德提到20世纪80年代初的一项研究，该研究把大学生分成两组：一组被建议制定每月的目标和学习活动；另一组则被要求逐日、更加详细地规划活动和目标。

The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ____

哈福德引用的20世纪80年代初的研究表明____

In a recent study [involving] over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs [on] the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being [exposed] to the virus.

在最近一项{{5}}400多名健康成年人的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和获得拥抱{{6}}参与者在{{7}}病毒后患普通感冒易感性的影响。

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.

最近一项关于各国及其将经济增长转化为福祉之能力的年度研究，为这个问题提供了一些启示。

Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?

关于最近的这项年度研究，下列哪一项是正确的？

Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.

戴维·格拉多尔发表的研究突出强调了这些现实的可能性。

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: (50) It gives a basis to all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.

这项研究对需求可能发生的变化所做的预测意义重大：(50) 它为所有致力于推动英语学习和使用的组织提供了一个依据，一个为应对可能截然不同的运营环境而进行规划的依据。

“Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.

“科技产品的设计就是要把你真正吸进去，”珍妮·拉德斯基在她关于数字游戏的研究中说，“数字产品的存在就是为了最大限度地促进用户投入。

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

来自美国和澳大利亚的研究表明，休过间隔年的学生通常比没有休过的学生对大学准备得更充分，在大学里表现得也更好。

Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ____

来自美国和澳大利亚的研究暗示，间隔年有助于____

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.

以往关于企业社会责任的研究难以区分这些效应，因为消费者可能同时受到这三方面的影响。

A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).

最近一项研究试图通过考察依据美国《反海外腐败法》（FCPA）提起的贿赂诉讼，把这些效应区分开来。

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.

研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些企业社会责任项目最全面的公司往往受到较轻的处罚。

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.

总之，该研究得出结论：尽管检察官本应仅根据案件的是非曲直来评判，但他们似乎确实受到了公司企业社会责任记录的影响。

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.

研究人员承认，他们的研究并没有回答企业应当在企业社会责任上花多少钱的问题。

That is [what] a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has [concluded].

这就是加州大学和耶鲁大学发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究所得出的结论。

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted [on] 1,932 unique subjects which [compared] pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.

这项研究是针对1932名不同受试者进行的全基因组分析，比较了无亲缘关系的朋友对和无亲缘关系的陌生人对。

The study [also] found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.

研究还发现，朋友之间共享的是嗅觉基因，而不是免疫基因。

One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving [faster] than other genes.

这项研究的一个显著发现是，这些相似的基因似乎比其他基因进化得更快。

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.

一项新研究表明，与大多数调查结果相反，人们在家里的压力实际上比在工作中更大。

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.

这项研究没有衡量的是，人们在家时是否仍在工作，无论是家务活还是从办公室带回家的工作。

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.

多年来，研究发现，第一代大学生——即父母都没有大学学位的学生——在一系列教育成就指标上落后于其他学生。

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.

论文作者来自不同的大学，他们的结论基于对一所未具名私立大学的147名（完成该项目的）学生进行的研究。

The study suggests that most first-generation students ____

研究表明，大多数第一代大学生____

Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets and self-reliance — as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.

如今，教授们习惯性地把进步主义的历史解读和进步主义的公共政策当作正当的研究对象，而把保守主义或古典自由主义的思想——如自由市场和自力更生——描绘成不属于常规的、有时甚至是不属于正当的学术研究范围。

A number of studies have [concluded] that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.

许多研究{{1}}，与超重者相比，体重正常的人实际上患某些疾病的风险更高。

studies

研究

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness.

心理学家兼行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利主持了一项关于自我提升与吸引力的重要研究。

Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.

研究中写道，视觉识别是“一种自动的心理过程，迅速、直觉地发生，几乎没有或完全没有明显的有意识思考”。

Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally — on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.

了解了埃普利的研究结果，就不难理解为什么许多人本能地讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上，他们甚至认不出照片里的人是自己。

Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.

《弧》有助于限定未来学研究的范围。

To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.

研究表明，要准确判断一个人是否善于交际，我们至少需要一分钟，最好是五分钟。

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study.

婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼解释说，只有在把这种快速反应建立在“厚切片”式的长期研究基础之上后，我们才能可靠地对信息进行快速的“薄切片”判断。

“thin sliced” study.

“薄切片”式的研究。

will mislead behavioral studies.

会误导行为研究。

But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check.

但今天在线发表的一项关于语言特征的比较研究提供了一次现实检验。

Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not.

女孩喜欢粉色似乎不可避免，仿佛以某种方式写在她们的DNA里，但美国研究副教授乔·保莱蒂认为并非如此。

studies of childhood consumption.

对儿童消费的研究。

Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies.

随着学者们剖析已消逝社会的多样性，全新的认识领域——从性别到种族再到文化研究——被开拓出来。

Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.

许多研究发现，来自发展中国家的受过良好教育的人尤其倾向于移居国外。

Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter [relaxes] muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

早在20世纪30年代的研究就表明，笑能放松肌肉，在笑声停止后长达45分钟的时间里降低肌肉的紧张度。

According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all.

几项研究得出结论，为人父母者不如无子女的夫妇幸福，而根据这些研究，单亲父母是所有人中最不幸福的。

The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend.

1945年至1962年间，加利福尼亚《艺术与建筑》杂志委托有才华的现代建筑师设计的“案例研究住宅”，是影响“少即是多”潮流的又一本土因素。

In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

在他设计的案例研究住宅中，拉尔夫·拉普森也许错误预测了机械革命对日常生活的影响方式——很少有美国家庭买了直升机，尽管大多数家庭最终都有了干衣机——但他认为自给自足既可取又必然，这一信念得到了广泛认同。

What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?

关于“案例研究住宅”的设计，我们可以了解到什么？

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula.

在伦敦公共档案馆研究斯科维尔的文件时，我发现他留下了大量日记和丰富的笔记，记录了他在半岛的工作。

Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

然后，在学生不知情的情况下，研究人员研究了他们那学期匿名化处理后的饭卡消费记录——近500名学生的近14,000张收据。

Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?

下列哪一项是研究人员研究吃肉行为的原因？

According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists.

根据研究他们的职业顾问和专家的说法，Z世代是头脑清醒的经济实用主义者。

There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

没有理由不让每个人都受到欢迎，来到莫纳克亚山拥抱自己的文化遗产、研究星辰。

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.

拉德斯基通过让母子组合进行一项食物品尝练习，研究了用餐时手机和平板电脑的使用情况。

Studying this could help [understand] why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major [contributory] factor.

研究这一点有助于理解人类进化为何在过去三万年间加快了步伐，而社会环境是其中一个主要的促成因素。

John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”.

研究方法论的医生约翰·约安尼迪斯说，这一政策是“极受欢迎的进步”，而且“早该如此”。

Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

我们是在研读那篇文本，并试图以满足某门课程要求的方式作出回应吗？是单纯为了消遣而阅读吗？还是为了获取信息而略读？在火车上或床上阅读的方式很可能与在研讨室里阅读大不相同。

Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.

神经科学家，即研究神经系统的专家，越来越多地证明，实际上我们可以做很多事情。

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews [conducted] by 31 admissions officers.

他研究了由31名招生官主持的9323场MBA面试的结果。

studied

被研究的

studied

研究

Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy.

各公司如今正在研究基因如何相互作用，寻找可用于确定病因或预测药效的关联。

The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.

梅南先生总结道，改革高等教育的关键在于改变“知识生产者被培养出来”的方式。否则，学者们的思维将继续危险地趋同，与他们所研究、调查和批评的社会日益脱节。“至少在某些领域，学术探究可能需要减少排他性，变得更加全面。”然而，究竟如何做到这一点，梅南先生并没有说。

Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.

由于代议制政府以公民见多识广为前提，报告支持全民识字；强调学习历史和政治，尤其是美国历史和美国政治；并鼓励使用新的数字技术。

The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.

报告还提倡加强对外语和国际事务的学习，并扩大海外留学项目。

The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.

报告还提倡加强对外语和国际事务的学习，并扩大海外留学项目。

an exclusive study of American history.

只学习美国历史。

funding for the study of foreign languages.

资助外语学习。