substantial中等

It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.

火车运营商大肆宣扬他们对铁路网所做的改进固然不错，但乘客为出行支付了如今这笔可观的费用，理应能够期待得到基本水平的服务。

In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

《华尔街日报》在其最新的首席执行官薪酬调查中发现，高管薪酬中“相当大的一部分”现在与业绩挂钩。

“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,” Menke wrote.

门克写道：“美国医学会建议医生，如果有明确证据表明病人驾驶能力严重受损、对病人和公众安全构成严重威胁，而医生停止驾驶的建议又被置之不理，那么通知机动车管理部门是可取的，也是合乎职业道德的。”

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

一位研究人员说：“我们估计，无论是消除一个重大的劳工权益问题（如童工），还是将企业捐赠增加约20%，都会使罚款比贿赂外国官员的通常处罚低40%左右。”