without简单

(50) They pool resources, collaborate, think outside the box, and find solutions and ways around obstacles to explore science for the sake of science without the traditional boundaries of working inside a formal setting.

(50) 他们汇集资源、相互协作、跳出固有思维，寻找解决办法和绕开障碍的途径，为科学而探索科学，不受在正规机构内工作的传统界限束缚。

So to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to temptations of tip creep and tipflation.

因此，为了在不涨价的情况下提高员工工资，越来越多的雇主经不住小费蔓延和小费通胀的诱惑。

Replacing swing doors, these [allow] smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to [clear] the way for a large, sticking-out door.

这类门取代了平开门，使较小的建筑能够最大限度地利用内部空间，而无需为一扇向外伸出的大门腾出通道。

Without

没有；无需

The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost — and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.

古腾堡印刷机改变文明，并非通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——而如果没有书写载体价格的同步暴跌，它也难有作为，这要归功于一项常被忽视的技术：纸。

But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists.

但这些开源程序是靠从互联网上抓取图像构建的，而且往往未经艺术家许可，也没有恰当地注明出处。

collect user information without consent.

未经同意收集用户信息。

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated.

如果没有额外的保护措施，公司可能会以消费者未曾授权或预料到的方式共享（并可能借此牟利）个人健康信息。

Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.

泰勒说，由于新罕布什尔州南部城镇缺乏足够的经济适用房，“雇主很难吸引员工，而员工也很难找到住处”。

The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。

The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand’s Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause.

新西兰《2000年雇佣关系法》（ERA）中的个人申诉条款禁止雇主在没有正当理由的情况下解雇员工。

Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it’s the one [indispensable] supporter — something you can’t do without.

任何作家都需要尽可能多、尽可能广泛地阅读；这是一个不可或缺的支撑——是你离不开的东西。

With or without a club or racket, swing like you’re hitting the ball.

无论手里有没有球杆或球拍，都可以像击球一样挥动。

Here are a few ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:

以下是人工智能在不取代员工的情况下帮助企业的几种方式：

Do people get on without paying?

有人不付钱就上车吗？

Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be [served] up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.

毫无疑问，周日总可以端上一块水煮牛肉配一些蒸蔬菜，不要约克郡布丁，也不配葡萄酒。

Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.

科学家需要期刊来发表他们的研究成果，因此他们会无偿提供文章。

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.

在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的女性人数一直在稳步增加。

Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

艾丽斯·李在《新共和》上撰文指出，增加董事会成员的机会，却没有扩大能够在这些董事会任职的合格女性人才库，导致了“金裙”现象，即同一批精英女性在多个董事会中揽下多个席位。

It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.

人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。

[Few] of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.

我们当中很少有人会不带手机就直接走进树林。

[If] you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you [literally] can’t find north, a few tricks may help you navigate [back] to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.

如果你在没有手机或指南针的情况下迷了路，而且确实找不到北，有几个诀窍可以帮你找到回到人类文明世界的路，其中之一就是顺着地势走。

College officials also tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.

大学官员还往往强调，成绩豁免的目的与其说是成绩本身，不如说是鼓励学生重修那些对其学位课程和毕业至关重要的课程，而不必因此受到严重惩罚。

The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.

如果不对农业工人的移民规定进行彻底改革，这些抱怨不太可能停止。

They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

它们甚至可能有害，因为它们满足了我们“已尽了自己一份力”的需要，却从未推动我们采取更大、更大胆、更有效的行动——这是一种“道德许可”，它缓解了我们的担忧，却让我们不再做更多的事，也不再对掌权者提出更多要求。

Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home — without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York.

纽约的房地产律师亚当·贝利说，应该让年幼的孩子感觉是自己在选房子——但实际上并不让他们在这件事上做选择。

Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

想要学习新技能的专业人士将能够做到这一点而不必负债。

Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.

即使不知道信息的内容，仅仅知道谁发送了信息、发给了谁，就能透露大量信息，而且现在仍然可能如此。

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” — the ability to focus without distraction.

为了摆脱过分看重忙碌的陷阱，《深度工作：在纷扰世界中专注成功的法则》一书的作者卡尔·纽波特建议养成“深度工作”的习惯——即不受干扰地集中注意力的能力。

Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.

必须允许民选领导人帮助支持者处理官僚问题，而不必担心因受贿而被起诉。

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.

几个世纪以来，人们一直在思考没有工作的未来。

A different and not mutually exclusive [prediction] holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one [characterized] by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives [meaning], people will simply become lazy and depressed.

另一种不同但并不相互排斥的{{3}}认为，未来将是另一种荒原，一种以无目标为{{4}}的荒原：没有工作赋予生活{{5}}，人们只会变得懒惰和沮丧。

But it doesn’t [necessarily] follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.

但从这些发现中并不{{11}}能得出一个没有工作的世界将充满不安的结论。

Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.

卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学学院助理院长汤姆·科尔蒂纳说，没有经验的学生在上过几门入门课程后就能赶上来。

“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”

加里·埃伯利在他的《神圣时间》一书中写道：“未来像一个个空瓶子沿着一条无法停止、几乎无限长的传送带向我们涌来”，并且“我们感到一种压力，要在这些大小不一的瓶子（日、时、分）经过时将其装满，因为如果它们未被装满就溜走了，我们就浪费了它们。”

The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

最高法院现在将审议：在逮捕过程中，如果手机就在被捕者身上或身边，警方能否在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机内容。

The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

最高法院曾裁定，警方在没有搜查令的情况下翻查被捕者的钱夹或手袋，并不违反第四修正案。

search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.

无搜查令搜寻嫌疑人的手机。

check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.

未经授权查看嫌疑人的手机内容。

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.

这里所说的阅读方式毫无疑问都属于理解。

Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a [signal] on a subway.

我们周围的每个人似乎都认同这一点，从他们紧抓手机不放的样子就能看出来，即使在地铁上没有信号时也是如此。

[In fact], these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, [since] human beings thrive off of social connections.

事实上，据报道，与没有交流的通勤相比，这些通勤更令人愉快，这完全合乎情理，因为人类依靠社会联系而兴旺。

Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.

另一个令人意外的发现是，这些结论对有孩子和没孩子的人都成立，但对没有孩子的人更为明显。

Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.

航空技术，例如由飞机或航天器搭载的各类雷达和摄影设备，使考古学家无需挖掘就能了解地下埋藏着什么。

without

没有

standardized without a clear target.

标准化但没有明确目标。

To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

套用伟大的社会科学家约瑟夫·熊彼特的话来说：没有创造性破坏，就没有根本性创新。

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.

无论是否获得许可，他们都能轻松地跨越不同的法律、司法管辖区和身份。

We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.

我们需要让他们把美国想象成这样一个地方：他们可以在这里有所作为一段时间，而不必承诺永远留下。

With or Without: Great Risk.

有无许可：风险巨大

occurs without our realizing it.

是在我们没有意识到的情况下发生的。

First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.

第一，他们可以让工作陷入停顿，却不必承担多少后果。

Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.

当然，不应布置学生无法独立完成或没有昂贵设备就做不了的作业。

Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?

有些学生可能不完成作业也能在州统考中考得好，但那些考得好而且也做了作业的学生又怎么说呢？

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.

麦吉说，在没有找好下家的情况下离职，使他有时间思考自己想经营一家什么样的公司。

Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly.

那些在没有找到工作的情况下就辞职的人，并不总能很快坐上高位。

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

考虑到在没有伴侣可依靠的情况下抚养孩子有多辛苦，这并不令人震惊；然而听桑德拉和布兰妮说起来，她们“独自”（意思是：有全天候的帮手）抚养孩子却是小菜一碟。

For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.

在这十年余下的时间里，她显然兼顾了这两个角色，并未招致多少批评。