Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has across the Web.
Can privacy be preserved bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
The idea is to a federation of private online identity systems. Users could which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to just once but use many different services.
, the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure which the transaction runs.”
Still, the administration's plan has privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initial push toward what would be a compulsory Internet “driver's license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet . They argue that all Internet users should be to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.