brain简单

It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains ____

第3段表明，互联网如何影响我们的大脑____

memory exercise is a must for our brains.

记忆训练对我们的大脑来说必不可少。

[Though] plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that [hinted at] consciousness, researchers previously reported.

研究人员此前报告称，尽管植物没有大脑，但其茎叶中电信号的激发仍然引发了暗示意识存在的反应。

Beginning in 2006, some scientists have [argued] that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, [forming] “a plant nervous system, [analogous] to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They [even] claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”

该研究的第一作者林肯·泰兹说：“从2006年开始，一些科学家就主张植物拥有与激素和神经递质相互作用的类神经元细胞，从而构成‘一个类似于动物神经系统的植物神经系统’，他们甚至声称植物的根尖处有‘类似大脑的指挥中心’。”

This [perspective] makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, [reducing] it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.

如果你把复杂大脑的运作加以简化，将其归结为一系列电脉冲，那么这种观点就说得通了；植物细胞也通过电信号进行交流。

[However], the signaling in a plant is only [superficially] similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.

然而，泰兹说，植物中的信号传递与复杂动物大脑中的神经放电只是表面相似，后者远不止是“一团通过电进行交流的细胞”。

“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold [level] of complexity and capacity is required,” he [added].

他补充道：“要进化出意识，需要一个在复杂性和容量上达到一定阈值水平的大脑。”

But [while] aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

但{{3}}衰老不可避免，科学家们正在发现，大脑功能的某些变化也许并非如此。

Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

其他研究人员正在利用先进的脑部扫描方法，探索在直视时作出反应的特定脑区。

Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

其他研究人员正在利用先进的脑部扫描方法，探索在直视时作出反应的特定脑区。

“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”

“我们的研究结果表明，人们成为关注焦点时，不仅感觉不同，大脑反应也不同。”

[When] people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that [produces] pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to [connect] with one another.

{{5}}人们信任某个人或某个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这种激素会{{6}}愉悦感，并触发促使人类彼此{{7}}的群居本能。

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

他认为：“闲散不只是一种休假、一种放纵或一种恶习；它对大脑来说不可或缺，就像维生素D对身体一样……矛盾的是，（闲散）是完成任何工作所必需的。”

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.

哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授斯里尼·皮莱认为，休息时间与生产效率之间这种违反直觉的关联，可能源于我们大脑的运作方式。

When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

当我们的大脑在专注于某项任务和不专注之间切换时，往往效率更高。

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

皮莱说：“人们没有意识到的是，为了完成这些任务，他们需要同时使用大脑中的专注回路和非专注回路。”

Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused ____

皮莱认为，我们的大脑在专注与不专注之间的切换____

Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.

催产素主要在大脑中央下部产生，其中一部分被释放到血液中。

But some of it [remains] in the brain, where it [influences] mood, behavior and physiology.

但也有一部分{{19}}在大脑中，在那里{{20}}情绪、行为和生理机能。

According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.

根据脑部扫描实验，如此多的决策需求很快就会让我们不堪重负。

As the brain [fades], we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”

随着大脑衰退，我们把这些情况称为“老年时刻”。

It [turns] out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental [workouts] can significantly improve our basic cognitive [functions].

事实证明，大脑和肌肉一样需要锻炼，恰当的脑力训练能够显著提升我们的基本认知功能。

Thinking is essentially a [process] of making connections in the brain.

思考本质上是在大脑中建立联系的过程。

Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step [further] and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental [sharpness].

如今，一家新的网络公司更进一步，开发出了首个“大脑训练项目”，旨在切实帮助人们提高并恢复头脑的敏锐度。

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.

仓促的决定可能是重要的防御机制；如果我们在判断某人是否危险，我们的大脑和身体天生就会在几毫秒内作出非常迅速的反应。

prove the complexity of our brain reaction.

证明我们大脑反应的复杂性。

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.

我从来不会因为大脑吸收的信息量太大而感到不堪重负。