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- vt. 打电话未考
- vi. 叫未考
- vi. 访问未考
- n. 叫未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。 派生由这个词构成的派生词、合成词的意思。
vt. 叫，喊23 次
In both [examples] — and others that we all experience — there’s another [process] at work that psychologists call mind reading.
在这两个例子中——以及我们都经历过的其他情形中——还有另一个心理过程在起作用，心理学家称之为“读心”。
This increase is sometimes called tipflation — the expectation of ever-higher tip amounts.
这种上涨有时被称为“小费通胀”——即对小费金额越来越高的预期。
The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost — and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.
古腾堡印刷机改变文明，并非通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——而如果没有书写载体价格的同步暴跌，它也难有作为，这要归功于一项常被忽视的技术：纸。
One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”
一种观点认为，青少年的行为与研究人员所说的“奖赏敏感性”有关。
And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.
他还是一场名为浪漫主义的运动的创始人之一，这场运动歌颂自然界的奇妙。
Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.
范·奥斯滕把这些化学物质称为“防晒霜”，因为它们的目的是防止进一步的光照损害，并重建磨损的聚合物纤维。
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Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.
这些社会援助计划被称为有条件现金转移支付（CCT），旨在减少不平等、打破贫困循环。
One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor.
一家正在这样做的公司名叫Blendoor。
In one study of the ability she called “thin slicing” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness.
已故心理学家纳里妮·安巴迪在一项针对她称之为“薄片撷取”能力的研究中，让参与者观看教授们10秒钟的无声视频片段，并对授课者的整体教学效果打分。
The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has [issued] a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked [at] high temperatures.
食品标准局（FSA）发布了一项公开警告，提醒人们注意一种名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险，这种化合物会在一些高温烹制的食物中形成。
But another, related force — a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” is helping raise GPAs.
但另一股相关的力量——一项常常深藏在课程目录中、名为“成绩豁免”的政策——也在推高GPA。
What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists.
所谓的通用人工智能，即能够模仿人类思维方式的机器，至今仍令科学家们无法企及。
You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are.
你可以说他们的观点愚蠢，或者拿他们的无知开玩笑。
Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.
正如一些蚂蚁饲养名为蚜虫的小虫，以获取它们进食时分泌的蜜露一样，谷歌“饲养”我们，以获取我们数字生活所产生的数据。
Some experts [attribute] the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” [because] it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.
一些专家把拥抱带来的减压和健康益处{{17}}催产素的释放；催产素常被称为“联结激素”，{{18}}它能促进人际关系中的依恋，包括母亲与新生儿之间的依恋。
Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice.
心理健康通常被称为良知、本能、智慧、常识或内心的声音。
Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
相反，我们是基于所谓文本材料与语境材料之间的互动来赋予文本意义的：即我们在文本形式结构（尤其是其语言结构）中感知到的各种组织或模式，与我们带入文本的各种背景、社会知识、信仰和态度之间的互动。
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others — all obviously statistical impossibilities.
社会心理学家对他们所谓的“高于平均效应”或“虚幻优越感”积累了海量研究，并表明，例如，70%的人认为自己的领导力高于平均水平，93%的人认为自己的驾驶水平高于平均水平，85%的人认为自己在与人相处方面高于平均水平——这些在统计上显然都是不可能的。
They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.
他们更愿意随机会召唤而来去。
But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
但蒂娜·罗森伯格在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中主张，同伴压力也可以通过她所说的“社会疗法”成为一种积极力量：机构和官员借助群体动力的力量，帮助个人改善生活，甚至可能改善世界。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.
普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了大量“社会疗法”付诸实践的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“向烟雾宣战”的州政府资助的禁烟项目致力于让吸烟显得不酷。
I call it a secret war for two reasons.
我称之为一场秘密战争，原因有二。
Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”
就连曾在《纽约时报》上支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼，也称他为“一位朴实谦逊的音乐家，身上丝毫没有令人敬畏的指挥家的架子”。
n. 号召10 次
the call to upgrade the designing of public spaces.
升级公共空间设计的呼声。
The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November’s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.
这场演出是在11月于英国格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化大会之前发出的一次富有创意的行动号召。
a call for policy adjustment.
调整政策的呼声。
A group of Labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award.
包括伊薇特·库珀在内的一批工党议员以一项倡议迎接新年：设立英国“文化之镇”奖。
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.
为世界环境日汇总的主要信息中确实包括呼吁各国政府立法限制一次性塑料。
Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.
要求拆除莫纳克亚山上所有望远镜或禁止今后在那里进行开发的呼声，忽视了这样一个现实：天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答关于我们是谁、我们从哪里来、我们要到哪里去的重大问题。
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Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
也许这就是我们探索星空的原因，仿佛是在回应一种认识我们自己和我们真正祖先家园的原始召唤。
Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.
去年，欧盟委员会副主席维维亚娜·雷丁发出了自愿行动的号召。
a response to Reding’s call.
对雷丁号召的响应。
The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
如此资深的医生支持如此激进的举措，尤其是呼吁采用过去十年来用于控烟的一些强硬手段，这将令食品行业感到不安。
n. （wake-up call）警钟，警示派生1 次
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.
科齐亚泰克的学校敲响了警钟。
n. （一次）通话，电话大纲外1 次
Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”
仅仅安排一次会面、打一个电话或主办一场活动并不算“官方行为”。
义项待标注20 次
calls for evidence from the Sahara.
呼吁从撒哈拉沙漠寻找证据。
Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.
我们共同呼吁，就英国健康的未来展开更加开放、坦诚的讨论，并对我们沿用至今的以医院为中心的模式进行“紧急反思”。
Nagpur’s plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.
例如，那格浦尔的计划要求医院在夏季预留“降温病房”来治疗中暑病人，并建议建筑商在酷热天气让建筑工人停工休息。
call for
需要；要求
An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
出生在狩猎采集社会的婴儿可能有十多位照料者——这与英国的托儿所形成了鲜明对比，英国的规定要求，对于两到三岁的儿童，照料者与儿童的比例为一比四。
And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.
因此，我们呼吁从里士满到奥尔巴尼的各州立法者考虑重新审视本州的湿地保护措施，亲眼看看其中利害之重大。
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The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.
这个林业和木材行业组织呼吁采取紧急行动，减少英国对进口木材的依赖，并为子孙后代提供稳定的木材供应。
Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”
Confor现在呼吁为这些愿景注入更大的推动力，以确保我们有足够的木材来满足日益增长的需求。”
call for relevant legal support.
需要相关的法律支持。
call for regular revision.
需要定期修订。
It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns.
它正在努力鼓励人们签署两份请愿书，一份呼吁禁止销售塑料草坪，另一份呼吁对这类草坪征收“生态破坏”税。
It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns.
它正在努力鼓励人们签署两份请愿书，一份呼吁禁止销售塑料草坪，另一份呼吁对这类草坪征收“生态破坏”税。
calling for
要求
Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weaknesses in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.
当然，许多讨论并没有这么成功。尽管如此，我们仍需注意不要过快地指责对手的论证糟糕。我们需要学会如何恰当地评价论证。评价的很大一部分是指出糟糕的论证，但我们也需要承认对手的好论证，并用同样的批判标准要求自己。谦逊要求你认识到自己论证中的弱点，有时还要接受对立一方的理由。
Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ____
莫里茨呼吁使用“放大镜”来____
In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
他们尤其呼吁与西部各州政府以及私人土地所有者建立更紧密的合作——西部各州政府常常对联邦的行动感到不安，而私人土地所有者控制着估计95%的草原鸡栖息地。
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
为鼓励创新与竞争，报告呼吁增加科研投入，制定连贯的课程以提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资助，并鼓励学者运用自己的学识应对当今的重大挑战。
In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.
在纽约市的大多数无家可归者花园里，真正种植植物是不可行的，但即便如此，这些布置似乎常常代表着一种尝试，试图通过将材料成簇排列、引入色彩、设置小水池以及频繁摆放花瓣、树叶和毛绒动物等方式，唤起动植物的生命精神，哪怕只是象征性的。
call for
呼吁
scientific work calls for a critical mind.
科学工作需要批判性思维。