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n. （[pl.]children）小孩，儿童，儿女148 次
Ask people about public libraries and a certain image springs to mind: dusty, old-fashioned, the sort of place you enjoyed as a child but, rather like a British seaside town, would you go there now?
问起公共图书馆，人们脑海中会浮现出某种印象：布满灰尘、过时老旧，是你小时候喜欢去的那种地方——但就像英国的海滨小镇一样，你现在还会去那里吗？
The review recommends a national branding campaign to give libraries a stronger physical presence, the reintroduction of a scheme to enable members to use their card in any library in the country, and automatic memberships for children.
该评估建议：开展全国性的品牌推广活动，让图书馆更具实体存在感；重新推行一项让会员能在全国任何一家图书馆使用借书卡的计划；以及让儿童自动成为会员。
The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch after groundbreaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development.
这位来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法学校男孩在学术上打出了漂亮的一拳：一项开创性研究表明，莎士比亚确实有益于儿童的读写能力和情感发展。
A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy.
一项研究发现，用“排练室”方法教授莎士比亚，拓宽了孩子们的词汇量，提升了他们写作的复杂度以及情感素养。
“The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said.
委托开展这项研究的皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC）的杰姬·奥汉隆说：“研究表明，演员的工作方式对孩子们使用语言的方式以及他们如何看待自己有很大影响。”
They also “appear to be more comfortable writing in role...while [control] pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, [target] children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion”.
他们也“似乎更善于以角色身份写作……[对照组]学生想象的是自己遭遇船难会作何反应，而[实验组]孩子则设身处地站在文学人物的角度，表达该人物的情感”。
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O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target] children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”.
奥汉隆说，最令她惊讶的是“[实验组]孩子写作中明显体现出的情感素养”，以及他们“在写作中更坚韧、更充满希望”。
O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.
奥汉隆说还需要更多研究，但她指出，相比日常使用的2000个词，莎士比亚使用了20000个词，这让“孩子们生活中的语言大幅扩展”，再加上孩子们“用整个身体让文字活起来”。
O’Hanlon said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, gave a “massive expansion of language into children’s lives”, which was combined with children “using their whole bodies to bring words to life”.
奥汉隆说还需要更多研究，但她指出，相比日常使用的2000个词，莎士比亚使用了20000个词，这让“孩子们生活中的语言大幅扩展”，再加上孩子们“用整个身体让文字活起来”。
What can promote children’s emotional literacy according to O’Hanlon?
根据奥汉隆的说法，什么能促进儿童的情感素养？
A children’s author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer, Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if he could capture them in flight. It swiftly became an obsession as he recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer. In recent summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly. Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
彼得斯是一位儿童作家和诗人，后来成了一名热心的业余摄影师。他看着那些蝴蝶，随意地想自己能否拍下它们飞行的样子。在成功切除癌症的手术后康复期间，这个念头很快变成了一种痴迷。最近几个夏天，他走遍英国各地，拍摄了全部58种本土蝴蝶。如今，这几个夏天的成果已汇编成一本精美的新书出版。
Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested.
研究人员提出，从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿经验，可能是培养出更快乐的孩子的关键。
The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults.
这一观点基于对博茨瓦纳昆族等群体的研究，在那里，每个孩子都由许多成年人照料。
Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm.
年仅四岁的昆族儿童就会帮忙照看更小的孩子，而用背带背着婴儿的“背娃”做法被视为常态。
According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.
剑桥大学进化人类学家尼基尔·乔杜里博士认为，这些被称为“异亲抚育”的做法可以减轻孩子和父母的焦虑。
Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.
儿童精神科医生安妮·斯瓦内普尔博士认为，有办法将这些做法融入西方生活。
The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting.
养老院的老人帮忙照看孩子，这种安排类似于异亲抚育。
Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.
另一项措施可以是鼓励不同年级的孩子之间建立友谊，以效仿狩猎采集社会中无人监管的混龄游戏群体。
In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.
在发表于《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》的一篇论文中，研究人员称，西方的核心家庭是近代才出现的，它与人类的进化历史背道而驰。
By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care.
相比之下，在狩猎采集社会中，父母以外的成年人可以承担孩子近一半的照料工作。
Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing.
乔杜里说，与人类进化史上的大部分时期相比，如今父母从家庭和社会网络中获得的育儿支持更少，但引入更多的照料者可以减轻压力和母亲的抑郁，这可能会对孩子的健康幸福产生“连锁”益处。
An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
出生在狩猎采集社会的婴儿可能有十多位照料者——这与英国的托儿所形成了鲜明对比，英国的规定要求，对于两到三岁的儿童，照料者与儿童的比例为一比四。
While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
狩猎采集社会的孩子在混龄游戏群体中通过观察和模仿来学习，而研究人员称，西方要求学生安静坐好的“指令式教学”可能会导致注意缺陷多动障碍等问题。
teaching parenting skills to older children.
向年龄较大的孩子传授育儿技能。
results in the child-centered family.
导致了以孩子为中心的家庭。
They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
它们应该提高照料者与儿童的比例。
Mixed-age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children
混龄游戏群体：孤独儿童的更好选择
Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry.
另一个问题是，虽然气候变化已很好地融入了某些学科和某些年龄段的教学——例如高中的地球与空间科学——但在低龄儿童的课程以及生物、化学等更普遍开设的学科中，它的体现却没有那么充分。
If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.
如果你正前往离你最近的水石书店（英国最大的图书零售商）分店，寻找苏塞克斯公爵夫人的新童书《长椅》，你可能得做好四处翻找一番的准备；比尔·克林顿和詹姆斯·帕特森合著的新惊悚小说《总统的女儿》或许也是如此。
In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.
在青春期，那些几乎事事依靠大人、无助又依赖他人的孩子，变成了能够照顾自己、彼此帮助的独立个体。
At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
与此同时，曾经开朗顺从的孩子变成了叛逆、爱冒险的青少年。
A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.
莱顿大学的埃维琳·克罗内及其同事在《儿童发展》期刊上发表的一项新研究表明，青少年的积极面和消极面是相伴相生的。
The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old.
研究人员研究了200多名年龄在11岁到28岁之间的儿童和青年的“亲社会”特质和叛逆特质。
Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
与年龄更小的孩子或成年人相比，青少年更有可能报告自己做过诸如无私帮助朋友之类的事情。
According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ____
根据第1段，步入青春期的孩子往往会____
These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas, wildlife refuges or national parks.
这些学生大多在童年时没有机会去荒野地区、野生动物保护区或国家公园。
Although good TV shows can help stir children’s interest in conservation, they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense, immersive and interactive experience.
虽然好的电视节目有助于激发孩子们对动物保护的兴趣，但它们无法取代参观动物园这种强烈、沉浸式、互动式的体验所带来的兴奋。
She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organizations committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.
她用过时的研究和几十年前的例子来贬低那些致力于让孩子们接触自身以外世界的组织的崇高使命。
In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.
在印度尼西亚，该计划提供了充足的食物和药品，大大减少了儿童中严重的发育问题。
This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.
这种相互凝视是母子依恋的重要组成部分。
But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very [tricky], particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.
但要界定做一个好父母意味着什么无疑是非常棘手的，尤其是因为孩子们对同一种养育方式的反应各不相同。
A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, [for example], a younger one.
一个安静、守规矩的孩子，比起（比如说）一个年幼一些的孩子，可能更适合另一种养育方式。
Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.
每个年龄段的孩子都能从有耐心的养育中受益。
[However], even though it’s common, it’s vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may [regret] for a long time.
然而，尽管这很常见，但必须牢记的是，在一时疲惫之下，你可能会对孩子说出一些让你后悔很久的话。
This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also [affect] your child’s self-esteem.
这不仅可能损害你与孩子的关系，还可能影响孩子的自尊心。
This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also [affect] your child’s self-esteem.
这不仅可能损害你与孩子的关系，还可能影响孩子的自尊心。
A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with [trying] situations involving your children.
一个更切实可行的目标是，在面对与孩子有关的恼人情况时，尽量保持冷静。
I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and [emerge] from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
我可以向你保证：朝着这个目标努力，你和你的孩子都会受益，并在走出紧张时刻时身心都感觉更好。
Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.
同样，儿童往往把机器人当作同类来对待，即使机器人只表现出简单的社交信号。
behave differently from children in socializing.
在社交方面的表现与儿童不同。
He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
他引用古典经济学巨匠阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔的话，把这种金融上的急躁形容为就像“孩子们把布丁里的李子挑出来立刻吃掉”，而不是把它们放在一边留到最后吃。
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.
与悲伤、恐惧和愤怒等所谓的基本情绪不同，内疚感出现得稍晚一些，它伴随着儿童对社会和道德规范的逐渐理解而产生。
Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends — and their own consciences.
孩子并非生来就知道说“对不起”；相反，他们是随着时间推移才认识到，这样的话能安抚父母和朋友——以及他们自己的良心。
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children.
例如，在2014年的一项研究中，马尔蒂考察了244名儿童。
Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.
她借助看护人的评估和孩子们的自我观察，评定了每个孩子的总体同情水平，以及他们在违背道德之后产生负面情绪的倾向。
Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.
她借助看护人的评估和孩子们的自我观察，评定了每个孩子的总体同情水平，以及他们在违背道德之后产生负面情绪的倾向。
Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.
然后，孩子们拿到了巧克力金币，并有机会与一个匿名的孩子分享。
The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation.
容易内疚的孩子分享得更多，尽管他们并没有神奇地变得更同情另一个孩子的匮乏。
regulate a child's basic emotions.
调节孩子的基本情绪。
foster a child's moral development.
促进孩子的道德发展。
improve a child's intellectual ability.
提高孩子的智力。
intensify a child's positive feelings.
增强孩子的积极情感。
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.
芝加哥临床心理学家瑞安·胡珀说，让孩子参与重大决定是个好主意，因为在这个可能令人不知所措的过程中，这能帮助他们获得一种掌控感和主人翁意识。
"Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said.
“孩子们在应对重大搬迁时可能会面临严重的困难，尤其是当搬家让他们离开现在的学校或支持系统时，”他说。
Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home — without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York.
纽约的房地产律师亚当·贝利说，应该让年幼的孩子感觉是自己在选房子——但实际上并不让他们在这件事上做选择。
Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif.
加州圣克拉丽塔的房产经纪人特蕾西·汉普森说，购房涉及的许多方面都不是孩子会考虑的。
"Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions," Hampson said.
“在做出房产决策之前和孩子们谈谈是明智的，但我不会仅凭他们的意见来做购房决定，”汉普森说。
The other issue is that many children — especially older ones — may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.
加州里弗赛德诺里斯集团的亚伦·诺里斯说，另一个问题是，许多孩子——尤其是年龄较大的孩子——可能是从HGTV（家居园艺频道）的节目中获得房地产知识的。
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.
FitSmallBusiness.com网站的房地产分析师朱莉·格纳说，父母需要提醒孩子，他们的需求和愿望可能会随时间而改变。
"Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."
“虽然这样说可能有些刺耳，但这个决定或许不应取决于孩子的意见，而应在充分考虑什么样的房子最能满足他们需求的基础上替他们做出——同时给他们机会对房子稍加布置，让它成为自己的家。”
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
尽管当前住房紧张，越来越多的父母仍希望采纳孩子的想法，因此这一建议在今天比以往任何时候都更有意义。
assumes that many children's views on real estate are influenced by the media.
认为许多孩子对房地产的看法受到媒体的影响。
remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.
指出重大搬迁可能给孩子带来挑战。
advises that home purchases should not be based only on children's opinions.
建议购房不应仅仅基于孩子的意见。
thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.
认为应该让孩子在购房决策中有参与感。
notes that aspects like children's friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.
指出购房时应考虑孩子的朋友和社交活动等方面。
believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children's needs rather than their opinions.
认为购房决策应基于孩子的需求而非他们的意见。
On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition [for] many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.
一方面，它是许多有价值之事{{1}}的必要条件：儿童照料、友谊等等。
A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate [between] a credible person and a dishonest one.
加拿大的一项研究发现，年仅14个月大的孩子就能区分{{13}}可信的人和不诚实的人。
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were [willing] to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.
在没有被骗的孩子中，大多数{{18}}与测试员合作学习一项新技能，这表明他们信任他的引导。
[In contrast], only five of the 30 children paired with the “[unreliable]” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
{{19}}，与那位“{{20}}”的测试员配对的30个孩子中，只有5个参加了后续活动。
Obesity has risen among adults and children.
成人和儿童的肥胖率都有所上升。
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.
由于人们如此关注孩子使用电子屏幕的问题，家长们很容易忘记自己对屏幕的使用。
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.
拉德斯基通过让母子组合进行一项食物品尝练习，研究了用餐时手机和平板电脑的使用情况。
She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
她发现，在练习中使用电子设备的母亲与孩子发起的言语互动少了20%，非言语互动少了39%。
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
父母在看邮件，而孩子们则兴奋地试图吸引他们的注意。
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.
婴儿天生会通过看父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，如果这些脸面无表情、毫无反应——父母沉迷于电子设备时往往如此——孩子们就会极度不安。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
实验中，母亲先被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后摆出一副面无表情的样子，不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意的过程中变得越来越苦恼。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
实验中，母亲先被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后摆出一副面无表情的样子，不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意的过程中变得越来越苦恼。
“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
“父母不必时时刻刻都全身心陪伴，但需要有一种平衡，父母需要对孩子表达情感需求的言语或非言语表现作出回应并保持敏感，”拉德斯基说。
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”
另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，对孩子使用屏幕的忧虑源于一种“要求父母应该始终与孩子互动的压迫性观念”：“这种观念有点脱离现实，非常白人化，非常中上阶层化，它认为如果你没能让孩子接触到三万个单词，你就是在忽视他们。”
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”
另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，对孩子使用屏幕的忧虑源于一种“要求父母应该始终与孩子互动的压迫性观念”：“这种观念有点脱离现实，非常白人化，非常中上阶层化，它认为如果你没能让孩子接触到三万个单词，你就是在忽视他们。”
Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it — particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.
特罗尼克认为，孩子没有从屏幕上学到东西并不意味着屏幕没有价值——尤其是如果它能让父母有时间洗个澡、做做家务，或者只是从照看孩子中歇口气。
Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it — particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.
特罗尼克认为，孩子没有从屏幕上学到东西并不意味着屏幕没有价值——尤其是如果它能让父母有时间洗个澡、做做家务，或者只是从照看孩子中歇口气。
This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
这能让他们感觉更快乐，从而在其余时间更好地陪伴孩子。
distracts children’s attention.
分散孩子的注意力。
reduces mother-child communication.
减少母子交流。
it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions.
孩子很容易习惯面无表情。
children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood.
孩子对父母的情绪变化不敏感。
parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs.
父母需要回应孩子的情感需求。
ensure constant interaction with their children.
确保与孩子持续互动。
A young man can [decide on] a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to [arrange] the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.
年轻男子可以自己选定一位合适的配偶，然后请父母安排婚事商谈；也可能由男方父母来选择配偶，孩子在选择中几乎没有发言权。
[After] a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying [into] a good family.
选定配偶之后，双方家庭会互相调查，以确保自己的孩子嫁入或娶自一个好人家。
“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
一位研究人员说：“我们估计，无论是消除一个重大的劳工权益问题（如童工），还是将企业捐赠增加约20%，都会使罚款比贿赂外国官员的通常处罚低40%左右。”
It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child.
它使我们对自己、对他人都有耐心，在开车、钓鱼、修车或养育孩子时也有耐心。
Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
科尔蒂纳说，让更多孩子接受这种训练可以增加对该领域感兴趣的人数，并有助于填补岗位缺口。
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.
跨越代际界限，美国人仍然珍视许多相同的成功人生的传统里程碑，包括结婚、生子、拥有住房以及在六十多岁时退休。
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
调查发现，与年长者相比，刚刚踏上人生道路的年轻人更有可能在工作中优先考虑个人成就感，更有可能相信定期换工作最能推进自己的事业，更喜欢公共服务更多、生活节奏更快的社区，更认同夫妻在结婚或生育之前应当经济上有保障，并坚持认为父母双方都在外工作对孩子最为有利。
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
调查发现，与年长者相比，刚刚踏上人生道路的年轻人更有可能在工作中优先考虑个人成就感，更有可能相信定期换工作最能推进自己的事业，更喜欢公共服务更多、生活节奏更快的社区，更认同夫妻在结婚或生育之前应当经济上有保障，并坚持认为父母双方都在外工作对孩子最为有利。
Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.
回首往事，他惊讶于在他小时候，尽管父母都没有读完大学，却能为孩子们提供舒适的生活。
having a family with children.
拥有一个有孩子的家庭。
Yet children appear to have it down to an art — and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy.
然而孩子们似乎把这件事做得炉火纯青——而且他们大多不需要自助类书籍或心理治疗。
What does a child do when he’s sad?
孩子难过时会怎么做？
What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then — again, like children — move on.
我们需要做的是找到一种方式，恰当地承认和表达我们的感受，然后——还是像孩子一样——继续向前。
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?
你有没有注意到孩子们笑得有多频繁？
And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.
在这一点上，我们再一次需要以孩子为榜样，对他们来说，快乐不是一个目标，而是他们生活方式的自然副产品。
Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.
另一个令人意外的发现是，这些结论对有孩子和没孩子的人都成立，但对没有孩子的人更为明显。
[Even] very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
{{17}}很小的孩子也往往瞧不起超重的人，而嘲笑体型长期以来一直是学校里的一个问题。
Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls.
博伊尔一家由艺术家马克·博伊尔和琼·希尔斯及其子女组成，他们在画廊墙壁上再现了随意选取的英国风景片段。
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women — whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers — and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
如果有适当的公共政策来帮助所有女性——无论是首席执行官还是照看其孩子的保姆——以及所有家庭，那么桑德伯格就不会比生活在一个更加公正的社会中的其他任何能力出众的人更具新闻价值。
A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
于是，少数几条生成规则就足以展开一门语言的全部基本结构，这就是儿童能如此迅速地学会语言的原因。
But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
但如果学区实际上是对那些因家庭生活复杂而不做作业的学生网开一面，那就危险地接近于暗示需要为贫困儿童降低标准了。
Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.
直到20世纪初，儿童根本没有用颜色来区分：在家用洗衣机出现之前的年代，出于实际考虑，所有婴儿都穿白色，因为把衣服洗干净的唯一办法就是用水煮。
It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
直到20世纪80年代中期，放大年龄和性别差异成为儿童产品的主要营销策略，粉色才真正大行其道，开始显得天生对女孩有吸引力，成为界定她们女性身份的一部分，至少在最初几个关键年份里是如此。
I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong.
我原以为这个阶段是专家经过多年儿童行为研究后提出的：错了。
The author suggests that our perception of children’s psychological development was much influenced by ____
作者暗示，我们对儿童心理发展的认识在很大程度上受到____的影响
the observation of children’s nature.
对儿童天性的观察。
the marketing of products for children.
儿童产品的营销。
researches into children’s behaviour.
对儿童行为的研究。
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter — nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.
珍妮弗·西尼尔那篇富有洞见、发人深省的杂志封面文章《我爱我的孩子，我恨我的生活》正引发热议，这并不奇怪——没有什么比暗示养育孩子并非一种完全令人满足、丰富人生的经历更能引起人们议论的了。
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter — nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.
珍妮弗·西尼尔那篇富有洞见、发人深省的杂志封面文章《我爱我的孩子，我恨我的生活》正引发热议，这并不奇怪——没有什么比暗示养育孩子并非一种完全令人满足、丰富人生的经历更能引起人们议论的了。
Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.
西尼尔并没有得出孩子使父母快乐或痛苦的结论，而是提出我们需要重新定义幸福：不应把幸福看作可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的东西，而应把幸福视为一种“过去时”的状态。
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.
这期杂志封面上一位漂亮的母亲抱着可爱的婴儿，但这绝不是本周报刊亭里唯一的“圣母与圣子”式图片。
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?
在一个如此执着地颂扬生儿育女的社会里，承认自己后悔生孩子就等同于承认自己支持虐杀小猫，这有什么奇怪的呢？
Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
不幸福的父母很少会被激得去想自己是否本不该生孩子，而不幸福的无子女者却总被这样的说法所困扰：孩子是世界上唯一最重要的东西，显然他们的痛苦必定直接源于生活中缺了孩子而留下的巨大空洞。
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.
很难想象会有很多人蠢到仅仅因为瑞茜和安吉丽娜让养孩子看起来如此光鲜迷人就想要孩子：大多数成年人都明白，生孩子可不像换个发型那么简单。
Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ____
珍妮弗·西尼尔在文章中提出，养育孩子能带来____
having children is highly valued by the public.
生儿育女受到公众的高度重视。
Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
生孩子对明星妈妈的魅力没什么助益。
Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
明星妈妈影响了我们对养育子女的态度。
Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
生孩子加剧了我们对生活的不满。
We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
我们有时会忽视养育子女带来的幸福。
Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
今天，一些顶尖医生加入了关于政府在促进公众健康中应扮演何种角色的辩论，他们要求部长们对不健康食品征收“脂肪税”，并像对香烟那样向儿童发出警示，告诫他们不良饮食的危害。
Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.
英国皇家儿科与儿童健康学院院长特伦斯·斯蒂芬森教授说，食用不健康食品应被视为与吸烟或酗酒同样有害。
I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.
我认为我们应该这样做。”这位英国儿科医生的领导者说道。
Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”
英国皇家精神科医学院院长迪内希·布格拉教授说：“如果让孩子们了解食物对他们成长的影响，知道有些东西会造成伤害，那么至少他们事先就能获得这些信息。”
cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
应像对香烟那样向儿童发出警示，告诫他们不良饮食的危害。
parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.
父母应在家中保持健康饮食，为孩子树立好榜样。