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- a. 黑暗的，深（色）的未考
a. 隐秘的12 次
These are examples of dark patterns.
这些就是“暗黑模式”的例子。
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users.
“暗黑模式”一词由用户体验专家哈里·布里格努尔于2010年首创，泛指那些通过操纵用户界面来影响用户决策能力的做法。
Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to “roach motel,” where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
布里格努尔列出了12种常见的暗黑模式，从误导和隐藏费用到“蟑螂旅馆”不等——所谓“蟑螂旅馆”，是指用户体验一开始看起来简单直观，但当用户想要退出时却变得困难重重。
Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood.
尽管暗黑模式普遍存在，但这一概念仍未被充分理解。
Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.
企业和非营利组织的领导者应该意识到暗黑模式，并尽量避开它们所造成的灰色地带。
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns?
合乎道德的说服性设计与暗黑模式之间的界线在哪里？
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Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level.
立法者和监管者正慢慢开始处理围绕暗黑模式的模糊地带，最近的举措是在州一级。
The regulations aim to ban dark patterns — this means prohibiting companies from using “confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t opt out.”
这些法规旨在禁止暗黑模式——这意味着禁止公司使用“令人困惑的语言或不必要的步骤，例如强迫消费者点击多个页面，或听取他们为什么不应该选择退出的理由”。
Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements but also to industry best practices and standards.
暗黑模式也可以通过自我监管来解决，但前提是各组织要对自己负责，不仅要遵守法律要求，还要遵守行业最佳实践和标准。
It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns ____
从前两段可以得知，暗黑模式____
The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show ____
提到2019年关于暗黑模式的研究是为了说明____
According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is ____
根据最后一段，应对暗黑模式的一个关键是____
n. 无光，黑暗1 次
Museums locked some of them away in the dark.
博物馆把其中一些锁起来，存放在暗处。
义项待标注2 次
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids' opinions may have.
虽然越来越多的家庭摒弃了老一辈在房产决策上不让孩子知情的倾向，但对于孩子的意见可能产生的经济、个人及长期影响，房产中介和心理学家看法不一。
says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.
说在房产决策上不让孩子知情是明智的。