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n. 驾驶员25 次
One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys.
让存在安全隐患的老年司机不再上路，最大的挑战之一是说服他们是时候交出车钥匙了。
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.
老年学家伊丽莎白·杜根说，保障老年司机安全的部分问题在于，这些困难是由侧重点各不相同的不同行业零敲碎打地处理的，包括老年学家、公路管理官员、汽车工程师等。
“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said.
“没有一个国家老年司机研究所，”她说。
“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe” and what can help, said Dugan.
杜根说：“我们需要更好的证据来弄清是什么让司机变得不安全”，以及什么能起到帮助作用。
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.
有一项措施看来确实有效，那就是要求司机亲自到场办理驾照更新。
Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study.
一项研究显示，强制亲自到场更新驾照与85岁及以上司机涉及的致命车祸减少31%相关。
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Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.
通过视力测试也使这些司机的致命车祸出现了类似幅度的下降，不过两者结合似乎并没有额外的益处。
Many older drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to.
许多老年司机不去看眼科医生，或者看不起。
Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said.
她说，要避开所有那些人类司机带来的危险，需要太多的算法。
According to Paragraph 1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road ____
根据第1段，让存在安全隐患的老年司机不再上路____
has won support from drivers.
赢得了司机的支持。
According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe ____
根据杜根的说法，保障老年司机安全的努力____
Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to ____
一些老年司机驾驶有困难，是因为他们往往____
adjusting the age limit for drivers.
调整司机的年龄限制。
car drivers.
开车的人。
Travel on a London bus and you’ll [quickly] see how this works with drivers.
乘坐一次伦敦公交车，你很快就会看到这一点在司机身上是如何体现的。
[So], the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were [rewarded] or punished according to the time they took.
于是，公交车和公交专用道的数量增加了，司机根据所用时间受到奖励或惩罚。
And drivers hit these targets.
司机们也达到了这些目标。
If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more [cautious] drivers who obeyed traffic laws.
如果标准改为安全，就会有更多谨慎且遵守交通法规的司机。
That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers — who must pay fees or buy better vehicles — rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
这是因为这些措施不可避免地把净化空气的成本转嫁给了个体司机——他们必须缴纳费用或购买更好的车辆——而不是转嫁给汽车制造商，而后者的欺骗行为才是造成有毒污染的真正原因。
Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.
人类驾驶员有时必须在瞬间做出决定。
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.
你每天都会遇到新的人：杂货店店员、出租车司机、单位里的新同事或门口的保安。
The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license [issued] by the government.
这种做法与要求持有政府颁发的互联网“驾照”的做法形成对比。
It seems clear that such a scheme is an initial push toward what would [eventually] be a compulsory Internet “driver's license” mentality.
显然，这样的方案是在为最终形成一种强制性的互联网“驾照”思维迈出第一步。
They argue that all Internet users should be [forced] to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
他们认为，所有互联网用户都应被强制注册并验明身份，就像司机必须持证才能在公共道路上驾驶一样。
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Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
阿什说，总的来说，这个想法是让“各州在管理该物种方面继续处于主导地位”。