expedition中等

Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden.

这些照片是杰克逊在19世纪后期穿越黄石盆地的一次考察中拍摄的，那次考察由美国领地地质和地理调查局局长费迪南德·V·海登主持。

Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.

考察结束几周后，海登把团队的观察结果汇编成一份详尽的报告，旨在说服参众两院议员以及内政部等政府机构的同僚相信，黄石应当受到保护。

As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.

作为一名在华盛顿很有手腕的人物，海登意识到他可以利用这次考察所获得的震撼影像。他让杰克逊冲印出大幅照片，并将这些照片连同莫兰画作的复制品一起分发给每一位国会议员。“这些视觉呈现，特别是那些照片，真正让人深刻认识到这是必须加以保护的东西，”墨菲说。

Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

在整个旅途中，杰克逊使用“火棉胶工艺”同时摆弄多台相机和多种尺寸的底片，这种工艺要求他先给底片涂上一层化学混合物，然后曝光，再用便携式暗室冲洗出影像。这种简陋的技术需要凭经验推测曝光时间，而且所用设备笨重难使——需要好几个人协助搬运。尽管困难重重，杰克逊还是拍下了几十张引人注目的照片，从他那张如今已闻名于世的老忠实泉快照这样的壮丽画面，到营地里考察队员的随意肖像，不一而足。以往考察的老手们曾长篇累牍地描写沿途的壮丽景色，而这些生动的照片则完全是另一回事。

Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

在整个旅途中，杰克逊使用“火棉胶工艺”同时摆弄多台相机和多种尺寸的底片，这种工艺要求他先给底片涂上一层化学混合物，然后曝光，再用便携式暗室冲洗出影像。这种简陋的技术需要凭经验推测曝光时间，而且所用设备笨重难使——需要好几个人协助搬运。尽管困难重重，杰克逊还是拍下了几十张引人注目的照片，从他那张如今已闻名于世的老忠实泉快照这样的壮丽画面，到营地里考察队员的随意肖像，不一而足。以往考察的老手们曾长篇累牍地描写沿途的壮丽景色，而这些生动的照片则完全是另一回事。

Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.

尽管美洲原住民（以及后来的矿工和毛皮猎人）早就认识到该地区的富饶，但大多数美国人并不了解。这就是为什么海登的考察旨在更全面地了解黄石河地区，从温泉、瀑布到各种动植物。除了随行的科学家，考察队还有艺术家：画家托马斯·莫兰和摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊负责捕捉这令人惊叹的自然之美，并将其与世界分享。