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- n. 年级未考
- v. 分等，分级未考
n. 分数24 次
“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where having top grades and test scores is not enough,” Katie Kelley, admissions counselor at IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.
IvyWise招生咨询公司的招生顾问凯蒂·凯利在一封电子邮件中写道：“在某一类专注的课外活动中出类拔萃，在录取过程中可能是一个加分项，尤其是对于录取极其严格的院校，在那里光有顶尖的成绩和考试分数是不够的。”
Grade inflation — the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades — is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.
分数膨胀——过去几十年来平均GPA（平均绩点）的逐步上升——常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物，在这个时代，学生被当作需要取悦的顾客。
Grade inflation — the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades — is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.
分数膨胀——过去几十年来平均GPA（平均绩点）的逐步上升——常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物，在这个时代，学生被当作需要取悦的顾客。
But another, related force — a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” is helping raise GPAs.
但另一股相关的力量——一项常常深藏在课程目录中、名为“成绩豁免”的政策——也在推高GPA。
Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
成绩豁免允许学生重修一门得了低分的课程，并且在计算学生的总GPA时，只有最近一次的成绩或最高的成绩才算数。
Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
成绩豁免允许学生重修一门得了低分的课程，并且在计算学生的总GPA时，只有最近一次的成绩或最高的成绩才算数。
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Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
成绩豁免允许学生重修一门得了低分的课程，并且在计算学生的总GPA时，只有最近一次的成绩或最高的成绩才算数。
Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
成绩豁免允许学生重修一门得了低分的课程，并且在计算学生的总GPA时，只有最近一次的成绩或最高的成绩才算数。
But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.
但如今，除了许多选拔严格的学校外，大多数大学都允许所有本科生甚至研究生的低分得到豁免。
College officials also tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.
大学官员还往往强调，成绩豁免的目的与其说是成绩本身，不如说是鼓励学生重修那些对其学位课程和毕业至关重要的课程，而不必因此受到严重惩罚。
College officials also tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.
大学官员还往往强调，成绩豁免的目的与其说是成绩本身，不如说是鼓励学生重修那些对其学位课程和毕业至关重要的课程，而不必因此受到严重惩罚。
That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well.
话虽如此，成绩豁免在某种程度上也满足了大学自身的需要。
For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention — so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money.
对公立院校来说，州政府的拨款有时部分取决于它们在毕业率和学生保留率等指标上的表现——因此，更好的成绩可以通过提升这类数据而带来更多资金。
Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education.
的确，成绩豁免只是大学回应消费者对高等教育期望的又一种方式。
What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?
什么通常被视为分数膨胀的原因？
What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?
成绩豁免最初的目的是什么？
According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to ______
根据第5段，成绩豁免使大学能够______
The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by ______
作者审视成绩豁免这一做法的方式是______
Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.
他们的成绩更低，辍学率更高。
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
但这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了解决这一问题的一个可能方案，提出一种方法（包括一个时长一小时、几乎零成本的项目）可以将第一代大学生与其他学生之间的成就差距（以成绩等因素衡量）缩小63%。
Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
遗憾的是，洛杉矶联合学区出台了一项僵化的政策，规定除部分高级课程外，家庭作业在学生学业成绩中所占比重不得超过10%。
But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.
但由于作业在成绩中占比不超过10%，学生可以轻易地少做一半作业，而成绩单上几乎看不出差别。
Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade.
反之，如果家庭作业重要，它就应当在成绩中占相当大的比重。
it is important for grades.
作业对成绩是否重要。
n. 等级，级别5 次
The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.
可能的解释是，撤退十分仓促，而他们不想让当地的喀里多尼亚人得到这10吨可用于制造武器的铁。
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.
由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。
Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.
表现最差的10个州中有几个人口最多的州，其中包括得克萨斯州，它得到了最低评级（F），而且由于其教科书在其他地方广泛销售，它具有与其地位不相称的巨大影响力。
The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure.
C级经理和A级经理之间的差别，很可能就是企业成败之间的差别。
The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure.
C级经理和A级经理之间的差别，很可能就是企业成败之间的差别。