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- a. 结实的未考
- a. 难忍的未考
- a. 严厉的未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
a. 困难的39 次
It may make severe fires harder to put out.
它可能使严重的火灾更难扑灭。
It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.
科学家们可能很难为此辩护，因为我们的工作很复杂，往往在幕后进行，而且并不总是易于解读或解释。
are hard to handle at present.
目前难以处理。
Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder.
尽管有范·奥斯滕这样的成功案例，塑料的保存可能会变得越来越难。
This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.
这使得处于边缘的经理更难获得工作。
harder
更艰难
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hard to determine.
难以确定
It is much harder, [however], to understand their negative consequences.
然而，要理解这些目标的负面后果却难得多。
It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations.
要做好这一点很难，需要非凡的远见，也需要市政当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。
hard
困难的
It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.
不难想象伦敦也会发生类似的逆转。
think it hard to achieve work-life balance.
认为很难实现工作与生活的平衡。
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.
森林给我们带来了树荫、宁静，也带来了应对气候变化斗争中一项较为艰巨的挑战。
By saying "one of the harder challenges," the author implies that ____
作者说“一项较为艰巨的挑战”，暗示____
It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
这让人难以抽身，并大量渗入家庭日常生活之中。”
“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm.
“工人更难找了，而且他们手里有工作机会，”家族企业金刚狼螺旋弹簧公司的总裁杰伊·邓韦尔说。
says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
说对工厂主来说，由于竞争激烈，工人更难找了。
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked.
佩雷蒂说：“这确实很难做到，而BuzzFeed没有传统业务，这是一种莫大的幸运。”
It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help [shape] how executives think about the future.
不难想象，当地的文化和情绪会帮助{{19}}高管们对未来的思考方式。
It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.
对他们来说，转变思维过程并不像对年龄较大的学生那样困难。
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.
年轻人和老年人在一个关键点上看法一致：两个群体中的绝大多数人都表示，他们认为如今的年轻人比前几代人更难开启人生。
getting established is harder for the young.
年轻人更难立足。
It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
该州辩称，法官们很难评估新兴且快速变化的技术所带来的影响。
principles are hard to be clearly expressed.
原则难以清楚地表述。
Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
不仅家务似乎无穷无尽，而且这些“同事”也更难调动积极性。
is harder to acquire than one year ago.
比一年前更难获得。
Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.
艰难时刻往往会在看似最不合时宜的时候把你压垮，但你应该记住，它们不会永远持续下去。
It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.
它在经济上令人恐惧，在心理上令人难堪，而且你知道救助少之又少，还极难得到。
It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.
在动辄数十亿英镑的基础设施项目中，住房项目很难争得关注，因此注意力不可避免地集中在别处。
Our immediate future is hard to conceive.
我们的近期未来难以设想。
I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.
我并不认为仅仅因为我的记忆更清晰，这样做对我来说就更难。
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.
电视对任何人提出的最难的任务，就是打开之后再把它关掉。
We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.
我们只能拭目以待，看看这段艰难时期究竟会如何重塑我们的社会结构。
The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is ____
作者认为艰难时期对社会的影响是____
These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
这些划时代的人物代表着难以效仿的人生，但人们应承认他们拥有高于凡人的权威。
focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
聚焦于人生难以效仿的划时代人物。
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
尽管养育孩子的日常经历可能艰辛得令人心力交瘁，但西尼尔写道：“正是那些当下令我们情绪低落的事情，日后可能成为强烈满足和喜悦的源泉。”
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.
很难想象会有很多人蠢到仅仅因为瑞茜和安吉丽娜让养孩子看起来如此光鲜迷人就想要孩子：大多数成年人都明白，生孩子可不像换个发型那么简单。
One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.
此类课程难以设计和讲授的原因之一在于，它们与美国顶尖大学的一贯主张相抵触，即博雅教育和职业教育应当分开，由不同的学院讲授。许多学生两种教育都会经历。虽然超过一半的哈佛本科生最终从事法律、医学或商业，但未来的医生和律师在攻读职业资格之前，必须先读一个非专业性的文科学位。
ad. 努力地，费力地大纲外6 次
If the world is to meet its net-zero ambitions, we must think hard about how we can deliver sustainable computing and deliver more LUMIs.
如果世界要实现净零目标，我们就必须认真思考如何实现可持续计算，打造更多像LUMI这样的超级计算机。
If you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off.
如果你喘得厉害，连完整的句子都说不出来，那就放慢节奏。
Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
每个人都应努力促进社会公正。
Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.
说了这么多，还有一点很重要需要补充：我们不应该太过努力地追求快乐。
Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.
法学院的债务意味着他们不得不拼命工作。
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.
没有人比失业者更努力地在这场全国性经济灾难中寻找一线希望。
a. 努力的，辛苦的大纲外5 次
Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
应努力保存文物。
His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that.
他自我提升、刻苦努力的故事本身就足以写成一部引人入胜的传记，但它所代表的远不止于此。
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate [depiction] of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.
我还发现，每天称体重并不能准确反映我在健身房里付出的努力和取得的进步。
Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.
同样，自动化最终应当会提高生产率，通过压低价格刺激需求，并把工人从繁重乏味的工作中解放出来。
“When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel [tired],” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different” — perhaps different enough to throw himself [into] a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for [professional] matters.
“当我辛苦工作一天回到家时，我常常感到{{18}}，”丹纳赫说，并补充道，“在一个我不必工作的世界里，我的感觉可能会大不相同”——也许不同到足以让他以通常只留给{{20}}事务的那种热情{{19}}一项爱好或一个热衷的项目。
a. 坚硬的4 次
In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.”
从非常实际的意义上说，互联网正在成为我们记忆的外置硬盘，这一过程被称为“认知卸载”。
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
科学家发现，尽管我们容易仓促地反应过度，但如果我们花点时间想一想自己可能会作何反应，就能减少甚至消除那些快速的、本能的反应所带来的负面影响。
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.
仓促的决定可能是重要的防御机制；如果我们在判断某人是否危险，我们的大脑和身体天生就会在几毫秒内作出非常迅速的反应。
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.
我们能够通过停顿来抑制本能反应，这正是我们区别于动物之处：狗只能断断续续地或在几分钟内思考未来。
a. 确凿的，可靠的大纲外2 次
Scientists say the compound is [likely] to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof.
科学家说这种化合物很可能致癌，但并没有确凿的科学证据。
Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:
以下是硬科学对眼神交流的揭示：
a. 猛烈的，剧烈的大纲外1 次
But because hard laughter is difficult to [sustain], a good laugh is unlikely to have [measurable] benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
但由于开怀大笑难以持续，痛快地笑一场不太可能像散步或慢跑那样带来可以衡量的益处。
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In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.
在很多情况下，专家们都很难就什么是真品、什么是赝品达成一致。
Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.
泰勒说，由于新罕布什尔州南部城镇缺乏足够的经济适用房，“雇主很难吸引员工，而员工也很难找到住处”。
Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.
泰勒说，由于新罕布什尔州南部城镇缺乏足够的经济适用房，“雇主很难吸引员工，而员工也很难找到住处”。
The publishing industry is having a hard time.
出版业正处于困难时期。
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine.
宾夕法尼亚州立大学布兰迪万分校农业经济学副教授朱莉·斯坦顿表示，再生产品可能很难推销，因为这个概念很难被快速定义。
And picking crops is hard on older bodies.
而采摘农作物对年纪较大的人来说很吃力。
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Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
他一生所取得的一切都来之不易，他在文学领域的成功也不例外。
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将难以维持生计。