incur困难

They may incur huge expenditure.

它们可能产生巨额开支。

College officials also tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.

大学官员还往往强调，成绩豁免的目的与其说是成绩本身，不如说是鼓励学生重修那些对其学位课程和毕业至关重要的课程，而不必因此受到严重惩罚。

[When] left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would [happen].

当被单独留在房间里时，那些不知道哪些笔会电到自己的学生比知道会发生什么的学生按动了更多的笔，也遭受了更多的电击。

incurred criticism.

招致了批评。