labor简单

the growing tension between labor and management.

劳资关系日益紧张。

Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades.

Z世代即将走上街头，在一个几十年来最为紧俏的劳动力市场上找工作。

are optimistic about the labor market.

对劳动力市场持乐观态度。

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.

美国农场主抱怨劳动力短缺已有好几年了。

One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.

解决这一劳动力短缺问题的一个常被争论的办法，仍然像一直以来那样难以实现：美国本土工人不会回到农场。

Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor.

玉米、棉花、水稻、大豆和小麦的生产已基本实现机械化，但许多高价值的劳动密集型作物，如草莓，仍需要人工。

Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor.

玉米、棉花、水稻、大豆和小麦的生产已基本实现机械化，但许多高价值的劳动密集型作物，如草莓，仍需要人工。

In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.

在2012年的一项调查中，71%的果树种植者和近80%的葡萄干及浆果种植者表示他们缺乏劳动力。

What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?

针对美国农业劳动力短缺，备受争议的解决办法是什么？

Import Food or Labor?

进口食品还是进口劳动力？

In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.

在以往技术剧烈变革的时代，企业家们通过构想出将劳动力与机器相结合的方法，使转型得以平稳过渡。

Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

对低薪劳动者的税收需要削减，而诸如劳动所得税抵免之类的工资补贴应当扩大：这将提高收入、鼓励工作、奖励创造就业的公司，并减少不平等。

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

一位研究人员说：“我们估计，无论是消除一个重大的劳工权益问题（如童工），还是将企业捐赠增加约20%，都会使罚款比贿赂外国官员的通常处罚低40%左右。”

An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将难以维持生计。

The Labour Party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to power.

工党最近宣布，如果重新执政，将保留联合政府的大部分开支计划。

For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

H&M要在其全球2300多家门店里出售一条5.95美元的针织迷你裙，就必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力，以让自然资源不堪重负的规模下订单，并使用大量有害化学品。

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment — including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line — Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

尽管已有几家快时尚公司努力减少自身对劳工和环境的影响——包括推出绿色“环保自觉”系列的H&M——但克莱因认为，持久的改变只能由顾客来实现。

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.

戴维森的文章是近来出现的众多文章之一，这些文章都指出：如今失业率居高不下、中产阶级收入不断下降，很大程度上是由于大衰退导致需求大幅下滑，但也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的推进，它们正以前所未有的速度用机器或外国工人取代劳动力。

It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.

当越来越多的雇主能够获得越来越多高于一般水平的廉价外国劳动力、廉价机器人、廉价软件、廉价自动化设备和廉价天才时，一般水平的人就不可能再挣到那么多了。

Britain's Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism.

英国工党，顾名思义，长期以来一直与工会运动联系在一起。

The teachers' unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.

教师工会盯着学校，加州惩教人员协会盯着监狱，各种劳工团体则盯着医疗保健。

Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.

工党长期以来一直在与公共部门工会作斗争。

Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

最后，接近法国政府的人士还私下表示，欧元区成员国应同意在财政和社会方面进行一定程度的协调，例如抑制在公司税率或劳动力成本上的竞争。

At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area.

在最好的状态下，欧洲一体化计划是非常开放自由的：它以由27个富国和穷国组成的单一市场为基础，其内部边界对商品、资本和劳动力的开放程度远远超过任何同类贸易区。

Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。

In the [absence] of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could [yield] strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.

在工作{{13}}的情况下，一个以其他目标为设计初衷的社会可能会为未来的劳动和休闲{{14}}截然不同的境况。

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

一位研究人员说：“我们估计，无论是消除一个重大的劳工权益问题（如童工），还是将企业捐赠增加约20%，都会使罚款比贿赂外国官员的通常处罚低40%左右。”

The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

这种交易非常纯粹：雇员投入若干小时的体力或脑力劳动，然后领取维持生计的钱。

Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.

很少有家庭能把分工安排得如此冷静而有条理。

Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.

你在家里的“同事”——你的家人——付出劳动却没有明确的回报；你得说服他们去做，如果他们是青少年，还得威胁要没收他们所有的电子设备。

division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut.

家里的分工很少明确清晰。

family labor is often adequately rewarded.

家庭劳动往往得到充分的回报。

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.

许多人把劳工部公布的6月份新增28.8万个就业岗位以及失业率降至6.1%视为好消息。

The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.

劳工部所用的调查会询问人们在参考周内的工作时间是否少于35小时。

In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.

换句话说，我们需要研究机器如何能增强人类劳动而不是取代人类劳动。

the ways machines replace human labor in modern times.

现代机器取代人类劳动的方式。

Machines Will Replace Human Labor.

机器将取代人类劳动。