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n. 有文化，有教养，有读写能力13 次
Science education today revolves around the idea of scientific literacy — the base-level knowledge about science that nonscientists require to effectively get on in the world.
当今的科学教育围绕着“科学素养”这一理念展开——即非科学工作者在世界上有效立足所需的基础科学知识。
(46) Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.
(46) 追溯这一术语的历史，我们可以看到科学素养的定义是如何随着时间推移而变化的，这使得确定科学教育的目标变得更加混乱。
And that’s a shame, because there is much to recommend in the idea of scientific literacy as it was originally articulated in 1945, a time when science appeared to be the key to progress and scientists seemingly held the fate of the world in their hands.
这很遗憾，因为1945年最初阐述的科学素养理念有许多可取之处，在那个时代，科学似乎是进步的关键，科学家似乎掌握着世界的命运。
(47) A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
(47) 回归那种版本的科学素养——更注重教授科学是什么以及科学如何运作，而较少注重记忆科学事实——似乎正是当今社会迫切需要的。
(49) It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
(49) 直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”一词出现，科学才拥有了它所需要的强有力的口号，以引起公众的关注，并使改进科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。
(50) The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.
(50) 美国对科学素养的高度关注最初源于科学技术在第二次世界大战期间的关键作用，以及人们所察觉到的美国士兵的不足。
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The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has landed a scholarly punch after groundbreaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development.
这位来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法学校男孩在学术上打出了漂亮的一拳：一项开创性研究表明，莎士比亚确实有益于儿童的读写能力和情感发展。
A study found that a “rehearsal room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and the complexity of their writing as well as their emotional literacy.
一项研究发现，用“排练室”方法教授莎士比亚，拓宽了孩子们的词汇量，提升了他们写作的复杂度以及情感素养。
O’Hanlon said she had been most surprised by the “emotional literacy that was evident in the [target] children’s writing” and that they were “more resilient in their writing, more hopeful”.
奥汉隆说，最令她惊讶的是“[实验组]孩子写作中明显体现出的情感素养”，以及他们“在写作中更坚韧、更充满希望”。
What can promote children’s emotional literacy according to O’Hanlon?
根据奥汉隆的说法，什么能促进儿童的情感素养？
Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.
然而，随着人们对所有媒体的不信任加剧，他们可能开始加强自己的媒介素养。
Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.
它们共同构成了你整体读写素养中的阅读部分，或者说构成了你与周围文本环境之间的关系。
Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.
由于代议制政府以公民见多识广为前提，报告支持全民识字；强调学习历史和政治，尤其是美国历史和美国政治；并鼓励使用新的数字技术。