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大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
n. 母亲18 次
This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful.
这种向“密集母职叙事”的突然转变——即认为母亲应独自承担育儿工作——很可能是有害的。
Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance.
例如，你父亲可能从来记不住生日，因为你母亲会记得。
We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back.
我们知道，一般婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛，而母亲也会回望。
This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.
这种相互凝视是母子依恋的重要组成部分。
Some experts [attribute] the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” [because] it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.
一些专家把拥抱带来的减压和健康益处{{17}}催产素的释放；催产素常被称为“联结激素”，{{18}}它能促进人际关系中的依恋，包括母亲与新生儿之间的依恋。
Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。
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Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.
拉德斯基通过让母子组合进行一项食物品尝练习，研究了用餐时手机和平板电脑的使用情况。
She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
她发现，在练习中使用电子设备的母亲与孩子发起的言语互动少了20%，非言语互动少了39%。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
实验中，母亲先被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后摆出一副面无表情的样子，不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意的过程中变得越来越苦恼。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
实验中，母亲先被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后摆出一副面无表情的样子，不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意的过程中变得越来越苦恼。
Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ____
拉德斯基的食物品尝练习表明，母亲使用电子设备____
reduces mother-child communication.
减少母子交流。
Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off.
千禧一代“记得他们的父母都被裁员了。
Working mothers.
职业母亲。
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.
这期杂志封面上一位漂亮的母亲抱着可爱的婴儿，但这绝不是本周报刊亭里唯一的“圣母与圣子”式图片。
Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.
当然，《美国周刊》和《人物》等名人杂志所呈现的为人父母的形象极不现实，尤其是当父母是像布洛克那样的单身母亲时。
single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
带孩子的单身母亲应得到更多关注。
v. 像母亲般照料，抚育大纲外2 次
This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful.
这种向“密集母职叙事”的突然转变——即认为母亲应独自承担育儿工作——很可能是有害的。
According to Paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrative” ____
根据第4段，“密集母职叙事”____