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a. 民族的，国家的，国立的62 次
Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness.
在两次世界大战之间，这项技术创新塑造了一种新的民族意识。
At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more resilient.
在约塞米蒂国家公园，马丁主持实施了所谓的计划烧除，以增强当地景观的恢复能力。
(49) It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
(49) 直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”一词出现，科学才拥有了它所需要的强有力的口号，以引起公众的关注，并使改进科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。
The review recommends a national branding campaign to give libraries a stronger physical presence, the reintroduction of a scheme to enable members to use their card in any library in the country, and automatic memberships for children.
该评估建议：开展全国性的品牌推广活动，让图书馆更具实体存在感；重新推行一项让会员能在全国任何一家图书馆使用借书卡的计划；以及让儿童自动成为会员。
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, the publicly controlled group that owns train operator Trenitalia and the national train network RFI, said 23 percent of all high-speed trains it operated were late in 2023.
意大利国家铁路集团是一家国有控股集团，旗下拥有列车运营商意大利铁路公司和国家铁路网络公司RFI。该集团表示，2023年其运营的所有高速列车中有23%晚点。
led a national protest against online piracy.
领导了一场全国性的反网络盗版抗议。
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When it was established, the National Health Service (NHS) was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served.
国民医疗服务体系（NHS）在建立之初颇具远见：提供高质量、及时的医疗服务，满足其所服务人群的主要需求。
Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the hefty price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.
更糟的是，当国家肥胖战略之类的政策被废除时，纳税人就得承担治疗由此引发的疾病（如糖尿病）的高昂费用。
That day’s high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.
当天约36°C的最高气温比国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪预警阈值低1°C。
We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.
我们可以邀请他们参观多切斯特县的布莱克沃特国家野生动物保护区，在那里，白头海雕飞翔在潮汐沼泽上空，这些沼泽浅得连船都划不过去，却充满了水生生物。
These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.
这些文物应当作为他们文化遗产和历史的一部分、作为民族自豪感的源泉，让他们能够看到。
“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,” she said.
“没有一个国家老年司机研究所，”她说。
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.
由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。
The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.
事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。
The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.
事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。
It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.
联邦政府为填补国家公园长期资金缺口而提出的设想，很容易被人斥为荒谬。
Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?
难道真有人会认为，允许亚马逊把快递送到你在优胜美地的帐篷，或者让餐车在红杉国家公园的红杉树下排起长队，是个好主意吗？
But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis.
但政府有一点说得没错：美国国家公园正处于危机之中。
Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and businesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.
露营地在全部基础设施积压项目中只占极小一部分，而且公园内的商家平均只把约5%的收入上缴给国家公园管理局。
We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them.
我们开展了一项全面调查，考察美国居民如何看待他们的国家公园，结果发现，无论美国人是否真的去过这些公园，他们都非常重视它们。
Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.
约81%的受访者表示，他们愿意在未来10年额外缴税，以避免国家公园遭受任何削减。
The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.
国家公园既是人们逃离尘嚣的去处，又是自然的象征，为美国居民提供了巨大的价值。
Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package.
国会每年只给国家公园系统拨款30亿美元——这一数额（按经通胀调整后的美元计算）自2001年以来一直持平，只有2009年作为奥巴马经济刺激计划的一部分曾有过一次性增加。
What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?
美国国家公园面临什么问题？
go to the national parks on a regular basis.
定期去国家公园。
advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.
主张为国家公园增加预算。
agree to pay extra for the national parks.
同意为国家公园额外付费。
support the national parks’ recent reforms.
支持国家公园近来的改革。
The national parks are valuable in that they ____
国家公园之所以有价值，是因为它们____
It can be concluded from the text that the national park system ____
从文中可以得出结论，国家公园系统____
“Whilst admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers.
全国购房者协会的乔纳森·罗兰德说：“尽管这些规定的初衷值得称道，但在许多人已经觉得房价高到自己买不起房的时候，它们会增加建房成本。”
These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas, wildlife refuges or national parks.
这些学生大多在童年时没有机会去荒野地区、野生动物保护区或国家公园。
harm the national economy.
损害国家经济。
They are acting because national governments — Britain’s and others across Europe — have failed to do so.
他们之所以采取行动，是因为国家政府——英国政府以及欧洲其他国家的政府——没有这样做。
National governments.
国家政府。
And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.
而且，根据全美高校与雇主协会开展的一项调查，今年美国雇主计划招聘的应届毕业生人数将比去年多出约17%。
Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.
对英国国民医疗服务体系（NHS）与DeepMind之间这项协议的危险性作出任何公允的评估，都必须首先承认双方本意都是好的。
Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
许多最著名的国家人物都参与过在艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼花岗岩墙内发生的历史事件。西奥多·罗斯福和富兰克林·D·罗斯福、威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔、林登·B·约翰逊、杰拉尔德·福特以及乔治·H·W·布什在成为总统之前都曾在这座大楼里办公。这里曾是16位海军部长、21位陆军部长和24位国务卿的办公地。温斯顿·丘吉尔曾走过它的走廊，珍珠港遭轰炸后，日本使节曾在这里与国务卿科德尔·赫尔会面。
The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（EEOB）在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产中都占据着独特的地位。它由财政部监督建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，于1871年至1888年间建造，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部日益增多的工作人员，被认为是美国法国第二帝国风格建筑的最佳范例之一。
There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
市面上出现了匹克威克外套和匹克威克雪茄，那位胖乎乎、戴眼镜的主人公塞缪尔·匹克威克成了家喻户晓的人物。
“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
“许多工作枯燥、有损尊严、不健康，而且浪费人的潜能，”爱尔兰国立大学戈尔韦分校的讲师约翰·丹纳赫说。
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.
根据美国国家教育统计中心的数据，近80%的大学生最终至少更换过一次专业。
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
火灾生态与管理专家马克斯·莫里茨教授说，尽管日益频繁的野火常被视为西部各州的问题，但由于它对联邦税款的影响，这已成为一个全国性的问题。
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ____
更频繁的野火之所以成为全国性问题，是因为在2015年它们____
While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
尽管民意调查显示，英国人把“乡村”与王室、莎士比亚和国民医疗服务体系（NHS）并列为最让他们为祖国感到自豪的事物，但这种情感在政治上得到的支持却很有限。
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”
一个世纪前，奥克塔维娅·希尔创立国民信托，并不是为了拯救时髦的房屋，而是为了“为所有人永远留住自然之地的美”。
Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.
希尔施加的压力后来促成了国家公园和绿化带的设立。
According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being ____
根据第二段，国民信托的成就如今正在被____
That is [what] a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has [concluded].
这就是加州大学和耶鲁大学发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究所得出的结论。
When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
当公众舆论特别两极分化时，就像佛朗哥政权结束后那样，君主可以超越“单纯的”政治，“体现”民族团结的精神。
Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history — and sometimes the way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
尽管他们自称是民族团结的象征，但他们的历史本身——有时还有他们如今的行为方式——却体现着过时且站不住脚的特权和不平等。
(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
(47) 美国是两种主要力量的产物——一是带着各种各样思想、习俗和民族特征的欧洲移民，二是改变了这些特性的新国家所产生的影响。
(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
(48) 但是，美洲特有的地理条件的影响、各民族群体之间的相互作用，以及在一片未开发的新大陆上保持旧大陆生活方式的极大困难，引起了重大的变化。
Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.
就连“求职者津贴”这个说法本身也是在把失业者重新定义为“求职者”——他们对自己通过缴纳国民保险而挣得的救济金不享有根本权利。
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
2010年，国会中民主党和共和党的领袖人物致信美国艺术与科学院，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他各方”可以采取哪些行动，以“保持国家在人文社会科学学术和教育方面的卓越地位”。
Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign [against] childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
米歇尔·奥巴马发起了一场备受瞩目的{{20}}儿童肥胖运动，甚至声称它是我们国家安全面临的最大威胁。
Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.
全美广告商协会首席执行官鲍勃·利奥迪斯说，如果该行业无法收集消费者的偏好信息，消费者的处境会更糟。
During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
20世纪90年代末，各国在社会科学和人文学科上的支出占全部研发经费（包括政府、高等教育、非营利机构和企业的经费）的比例从约4%到25%不等；在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.
没有人比失业者更努力地在这场全国性经济灾难中寻找一线希望。
At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
至少，它把我们从轻松致富、住更大房子的全民狂热梦想中唤醒，并为个人肆意挥霍的时代画上了必要的句号。
In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.
在许多方面，美国进入这次衰退时的社会包容度比历史上任何时候都高，而此后各种关于社会冲突的全国性民调结果则好坏参半。
realize the national dream.
实现国家梦想。