often简单

Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip.

如今的小费要求往往与过去决定人们何时、如何付小费的薪资和服务规范无关。

Customers now routinely see menus of suggested default options — often well above 20% of what they owe.

如今顾客经常会看到一系列建议的默认选项——往往远高于应付金额的20%。

However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip too often.

然而，许多顾客感到不满，因为他们觉得自己被要求支付过高小费的次数太多了。

And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous, and often completely dissociated from service quality.

而且，正如我们的研究所强调的，小费如今似乎更具强制性、更少出于慷慨，而且常常与服务质量完全脱节。

are less often requested in advance.

较少被提前索要。

What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be given to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?

哪些卫生职能应留在中央，哪些应交给地方领导者——他们往往负责那些创造健康的服务，而且对当地人群的需求了解得多得多？

And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate.

而且它们的触发阈值往往没有根据当地气候量身定制。

But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity — an often neglected factor in heat alert systems — and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.

但湿度——高温预警系统中常被忽视的一个因素——以及上午晚些时候户外仪式现场缺乏遮阴，放大了高温的影响。

Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

这些集体“违规”的路线常常表现为穿过原本整洁的绿地、被踩出来的土路，它们抄近道、横穿草坪、翻越山丘，体现了人（和动物）以最高效的方式从A点到达B点的天然能力。

Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another.

自动门通常向两侧打开，门板彼此交错滑动。

The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost — and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.

古腾堡印刷机改变文明，并非通过改变书写的本质，而是通过改变其成本——而如果没有书写载体价格的同步暴跌，它也难有作为，这要归功于一项常被忽视的技术：纸。

But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists.

但这些开源程序是靠从互联网上抓取图像构建的，而且往往未经艺术家许可，也没有恰当地注明出处。

This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders, mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.

监管范围的缩小对建筑商、采矿经营者以及其他常与环保规定相抵触的商业利益集团来说是一场胜利。

The reality is that water, and the pollutants that so often come with it, don’t respect state boundaries.

现实情况是，水以及常常随之而来的污染物并不会遵守州界。

High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.

渴望在大学申请过程中脱颖而出的高中生常常参加一连串的课外活动，希望借此提高被一所择优录取的本科院校录取的机会。

High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges, experts say.

专家们说，那些有一个令人印象深刻、独立开展的个人项目的高中生往往能给大学留下深刻印象。

Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.

农贸市场通常每周或每月举办一次，大多设有露天摊位，让农民或生产者可以直接向顾客出售他们的食物。

“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”

“数百万得州孩子在公立学校里学到什么，往往由带有党派倾向的委员会成员的政治意识形态决定，而不是由事实和可靠的学术研究决定。”

That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.

这是一种温和而超然的说法，父母们往往会用强烈得多的语言来表达同样的意思。

The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.

参与者填写了调查问卷，说明他们做利他且积极的事情（比如牺牲自己的利益去帮助朋友）以及做叛逆且消极的事情（比如喝醉或在外面待到很晚）的频率。

People often complain that plastics are too durable.

人们常常抱怨塑料太耐用了。

Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates.

雇主们早就看到了雇用中学毕业生的好处，这些人往往证明自己是比大学毕业生更敬业、更忠诚的员工。

Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: ‘I am a geographer’ or ‘I am a classicist’.

老一辈人常常用现在时和第一人称谈论自己的学位：“我是地理学家”或“我是古典学家”。

And today, even writers who are fairly [well-known] often have to do other work to [supplement] their writing income.

而如今，即使是相当知名的作家也常常不得不做其他工作来补贴写作收入。

In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的经济学家保罗·费拉罗说，事实上，扶贫和环境保护常常被视为相互冲突的目标。

“Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.

维多利亚时代流行的一句俗语说：“大自然给了我们嘴唇来遮住牙齿。”这暗指在正规牙科诞生之前，人们口腔的卫生状况往往糟糕得惊人。

When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?

说到商业领域的人工智能，我们常听到它与自动化以及即将到来的失业联系在一起，但人工智能在哪些方面正在改变企业和更大范围的经济，而又不涉及那些悲观的大规模失业预测呢？

A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities.

塔塔咨询服务公司最近对制造业和服务业进行的一项调查发现，目前企业更多地将人工智能用于计算机与计算机之间的活动，而不是用于将人类活动自动化。

“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston.

“机器学习往往提供一种更可靠的统计形式，使数据更有价值，”温斯顿说。

AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.

AT&T常被视为一家公司决定开展大规模再培训项目、而不采取“解雇再招聘”策略的典范。

Like other start-up investors, Mr Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on.

和其他初创公司投资者一样，阿诺德先生自己的生意也常常依赖于把初创公司卖给更大的科技公司，不过他承认对这样的结果心情复杂：“如果从自私的角度看，我认为这些事情对我有好处。

The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.

研究人员还认为，当我们回避与陌生人随意交流时，往往是出于一种不必要的担心，即担心他们可能不想和我们说话。

Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.

进步人士常常支持多元化强制规定，视之为通向平等之路和创造公平竞争环境的方式。

But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

但这类政策往往只是一种虚伪的道德作秀，只让最有特权的人受益，对普通人几乎毫无帮助。

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth.

当我们看一张脸或一幅图片时，我们的眼睛每次停留在一个点上，通常是眼睛或嘴巴。

Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and development.

而且，几乎所有美国大公司都在成为科技公司，往往拥有自己的研发部门。

We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment.

我们常常觉得需要把自己的感受告诉别人，无论是对某个项目的担忧、一个偶然的想法，还是一句赞美。

Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.

或者，我们也可以把失败看作它通常所是的那种绝佳的学习经历。

Grade inflation — the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades — is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.

分数膨胀——过去几十年来平均GPA（平均绩点）的逐步上升——常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物，在这个时代，学生被当作需要取悦的顾客。

But another, related force — a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” is helping raise GPAs.

但另一股相关的力量——一项常常深藏在课程目录中、名为“成绩豁免”的政策——也在推高GPA。

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.

如果争论就是争斗——我们常常这样看待争论——那么卡耐基就是对的。和肢体冲突一样，口头争斗也会让双方都头破血流。即使你赢了，最终也不会更好。即便争论只是竞赛——比如说网球比赛——你的前景也几乎同样黯淡。对手们两两对阵，来回击球，直到所有参赛者中产生一个胜者。其他人都是输家。正是这种想法让那么多人尽量避免争论，尤其是关于政治和宗教的争论。

This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.

这就是著名的引用指数，即一篇论文在其他科学文献中被引用的次数，其假设是重要论文被引用的次数会多于无足轻重的论文。

[However], when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it [helps].

然而，如果称得太频繁，这个习惯有时弊大于利。

On the other hand, putting your [faith] in the wrong place often carries a high [price].

另一方面，把你的{{2}}放错了地方，往往要付出高昂的{{3}}。

Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — it can [lead to] new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such [inquiry] can backfire.

好奇心通常被认为是一种良好的本能——例如，它可以带来新的科学进步——但有时这种探究会适得其反。

Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

哈福德认为，不可避免的干扰常常使每日待办清单失效，而在这样的清单中为临时发挥留出余地，则能收获最好的效果。

Some experts [attribute] the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” [because] it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.

一些专家把拥抱带来的减压和健康益处{{17}}催产素的释放；催产素常被称为“联结激素”，{{18}}它能促进人际关系中的依恋，包括母亲与新生儿之间的依恋。

“When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel [tired],” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different” — perhaps different enough to throw himself [into] a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for [professional] matters.

“当我辛苦工作一天回到家时，我常常感到{{18}}，”丹纳赫说，并补充道，“在一个我不必工作的世界里，我的感觉可能会大不相同”——也许不同到足以让他以通常只留给{{20}}事务的那种热情{{19}}一项爱好或一个热衷的项目。

Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.

婴儿天生会通过看父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，如果这些脸面无表情、毫无反应——父母沉迷于电子设备时往往如此——孩子们就会极度不安。

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.

如今，要求立即上大学的普遍社会压力，再加上在这个快速变化的世界里日益提高的期望，常常使学生完全忽略了间隔年的可能性。

Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes — all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.

间隔年非但没有拖学生的后腿，反而通过让他们为独立、新的责任和环境变化做好准备而推动他们前进——这些都是大一新生往往最难应对的事情。

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

火灾生态与管理专家马克斯·莫里茨教授说，尽管日益频繁的野火常被视为西部各州的问题，但由于它对联邦税款的影响，这已成为一个全国性的问题。

As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

正如莫里茨所说，联邦资金有多少次是在建造很可能毁于野火的房屋？

Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

它对企业的负面影响常常被忽视。

Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago.

很可能，你的头像照片如今被人看到的次数比一二十年前多得多。

Often

经常

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.

生物学家估计，曾有多达200万只小草原鸡——一种生活在广袤草原上的鸟类——为美国中西部和西南部常常灰蒙蒙的景观增添了红色。

In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.

他们尤其呼吁与西部各州政府以及私人土地所有者建立更紧密的合作——西部各州政府常常对联邦的行动感到不安，而私人土地所有者控制着估计95%的草原鸡栖息地。

“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.

“随时随身带本书”实际上也能奏效——只要你足够频繁地翻阅，使阅读成为一种默认状态，你只是暂时从中浮出水面处理事务，然后再沉回去。

what people often forget is carrying a book with them.

人们常常忘记的是随身带书。

As adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results.

作为成年人，我们似乎在不断追求幸福，结果却常常好坏参半。

But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones.

但我们常常把这个过程做得过了头，最终压抑了情绪，尤其是负面情绪。

Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.

我们常常以为，一份新工作、一栋更大的房子或一辆更好的车会是让我们最终感到满足的灵丹妙药，但现实是，这些东西对我们的幸福水平几乎没有持久的影响。

As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing.

正如常见的情况那样，阐明这一原则并不能减轻划定界限的难度。

Such dimensions of reading suggest — as others introduced later in the book will also do — that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading.

阅读的这些维度表明——正如本书后面介绍的其他维度也会表明的那样——我们在任何阅读行为中都带有一种隐含的（往往未被承认的）目的。

Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

有时风暴把船吹得远离航线，而无风的天气又常常带来令人难以忍受的漫长延误。

And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up with household tasks.

而对于在外工作的女性来说，她们常常要忙着补做家务。

there is often much housework left behind.

常常有很多家务没做完。

family labor is often adequately rewarded.

家庭劳动往往得到充分的回报。

universities often reject the culture of the middle-class.

大学常常排斥中产阶级文化。

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.

许多人步入中年后，常常开始注意到自己的记忆力和头脑的清晰度大不如前。

Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。

[Likewise], among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an [indicator] of good health.

{{3}}，在老年人中，略微超重往往是身体健康的{{4}}。

It is often defined [in terms of] body mass index, or BMI.

它通常{{6}}身体质量指数（即BMI）来定义。

An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.

BMI在18到25之间的成年人通常被认为体重正常。

Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.

对巨额财富的幻想往往包括豪车和奢华住宅的景象。

These purchases often become more valuable with time — as stories or memories — particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

这些消费往往会随着时间推移变得更有价值——化作故事或回忆——尤其是当它们让人感到与他人联系更紧密时。

Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.

买礼物或做慈善往往比给自己买东西更令人愉快，而奢侈品在节制享用时最令人享受。

marketing tricks are often effective.

营销手段往往很有效。

Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often ____

黑格尔认为，美国的工作往往____

Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

理想主义者身上更常见到虚荣心。

As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

一如既往，过去是通往未来的钥匙：我们现在已经识别出足够多塑造地球及人类历史的长期规律，从而能够对我们的后代将要面临的处境做出有据可依的预测。

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example.

即使社会科学家确实着手解决实际问题，其视野也往往局限于本地：例如，比利时主要关注的是贫困对比利时的影响。

In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.

在纽约市的大多数无家可归者花园里，真正种植植物是不可行的，但即便如此，这些布置似乎常常代表着一种尝试，试图通过将材料成簇排列、引入色彩、设置小水池以及频繁摆放花瓣、树叶和毛绒动物等方式，唤起动植物的生命精神，哪怕只是象征性的。

We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information [stored] there.

我们常常听到媒体报道说，有未经授权的黑客侵入计算机数据库，篡改了其中存储的信息。

According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as ____

根据第一段，同伴压力常常表现为____

often run against the current political system.

常常与现行政治制度背道而驰。

These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener's choosing.

这些录音价格低廉，随处可得，而且其艺术水准往往远高于当今的现场演出；此外，听众可以在自己选择的时间和地点“消费”它们。

They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

它们在质量上往往不如现场音乐会。

Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.

然而，任何一位传记作家都知道，一个人的早年生活及其境遇往往是他所得到的最好的礼物。

Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

他们往往是“跳槽高就”，离开风险更大、规模更小的公司，去往规模更大、更稳定的公司。

have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm.

常常在公司有不当行为的记录。

Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit.

就连身处全球报业中最困难领域的美国报纸，也不仅存活了下来，而且常常重新开始盈利。

Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.

密斯精巧的设计表现手法掩盖了一个事实：他设计的空间小而实用，而非大而空旷。