people简单

If, like most business people, you spend your life dashing from office to plane, train to home, boardroom to washroom, what you really need to do is stay in more, sit down — and read a book.

如果你像大多数商务人士一样，一辈子都在奔波——从办公室到飞机，从火车到家里，从会议室到洗手间——那么你真正需要做的是多待在家里，坐下来——读一本书。

This is when you assume to know what other people are thinking about you, when you can’t really know without [asking] them directly.

也就是说，你自以为知道别人对你的看法，而实际上不直接问他们，你是无法真正知道的。

When you do this, it might help to try to put yourself in other people’s shoes.

这样做的时候，试着设身处地为他人着想可能会有所帮助。

Ask people about public libraries and a certain image springs to mind: dusty, old-fashioned, the sort of place you enjoyed as a child but, rather like a British seaside town, would you go there now?

问起公共图书馆，人们脑海中会浮现出某种印象：布满灰尘、过时老旧，是你小时候喜欢去的那种地方——但就像英国的海滨小镇一样，你现在还会去那里吗？

There are libraries where young people can borrow a Fifa-standard football free.

还有些图书馆让年轻人可以免费借用符合国际足联标准的足球。

But, with this newfound connection, many of us share sensitive, sometimes highly confidential information, even though over a third of people don’t realise that AI platforms may not be very good at keeping our secrets...secret.

但是，有了这种新的联系，我们许多人会分享敏感的、有时甚至是高度机密的信息，尽管超过三分之一的人没有意识到，人工智能平台未必很擅长替我们保守秘密。

This is why the recent severe delays caused by numerous maintenance works have thrown the rail industry into chaos at a time when most people head on holiday, which matters for business in a country where tourism accounts for 10 percent of GDP.

正因如此，近期大量维修工程造成的严重延误，在大多数人外出度假之际让铁路行业陷入混乱，而在一个旅游业占GDP 10%的国家，这对经济事关重大。

What began as a small neighborhood gathering blossomed into a massive cultural event, welcoming tens of thousands of people each year over nearly two decades before abruptly shutting down.

它最初只是一个小型的邻里聚会，后来发展成为一场大型文化盛事，在近二十年里每年接待数以万计的人，然后突然停办。

We often hear people ask why we solicit donations at our entry points, especially when the city’s largest festivals like the Chicago Jazz Festival do not request donations.

我们经常听到有人问，为什么我们要在入口处募捐，尤其是像芝加哥爵士音乐节这样的城市大型节庆都不要求捐款。

People need to be ready.

人们需要做好准备。

“Yes, it’s about forests, but it’s really about people.

“没错，它关乎森林，但它真正关乎的是人。

People must pay attention to the fact that some kinds of trees do not produce seeds annually.

人们必须注意到，有些种类的树木并非每年都结种子。

The purpose of restoration efforts may be different from the real needs of the people involved.

恢复工作的目的可能与相关人群的真实需求不同。

Different cultures have their norms and expectations regarding dress, which can influence the types of clothing people wear and the meanings attributed to them.

不同文化对着装有各自的规范和期望，这些会影响人们所穿衣服的类型以及赋予这些衣服的含义。

Established in an old paper mill, it is powered by a nearby river and its remote heat warms the people who live in the surrounding town of Kajaani.

它建在一座旧造纸厂里，由附近的一条河流供电，其余热输送到周边的卡亚尼镇，为当地居民供暖。

“The people who are stealing our movies and our television shows and operating piracy sites are not mom and pop operations,” says Charlie Rivkin, chief executive officer of the MPA.

美国电影协会首席执行官查理·里夫金说：“那些盗取我们的电影和电视节目、经营盗版网站的人，并不是小打小闹的家庭作坊。

So what’s the appeal of a long, sweaty day in pursuit of an elusive, fast-moving wild animal? “It just feels bloody brilliant,” says Peters. “If I’ve had a full day of good encounters with butterflies, met interesting butterfly people and I’ve got some good shots, that becomes a vault in my spiritual bank. It’s a happy feeling.”

那么，花上漫长而汗流浃背的一整天去追逐一种难以捉摸、行动迅速的野生动物，吸引力何在？“感觉就是棒极了，”彼得斯说，“如果我度过了与蝴蝶美好相遇的一整天，结识了有趣的蝴蝶爱好者，还拍到了一些好照片，那就成了我精神银行里的一座金库。那是一种快乐的感觉。”

(49) These groups of people are part of a rapidly expanding biotechnological social movement of citizen scientists and professional scientists seeking to take discovery out of institutions and put it into the hands of anyone with the enthusiasm.

(49) 这些群体是一场迅速发展的生物技术社会运动的一部分，这场运动由公民科学家和专业科学家组成，他们力图把科学发现从机构中带出来，交到任何有热情的人手中。

Psychologists have been interested in this [question] for decades, not least because people’s widespread [reluctance] to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.

几十年来，心理学家一直对这个{{1}}很感兴趣，尤其是因为人们普遍{{2}}求助，已经导致了一些备受瞩目的失败。

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University, in California, that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to [recall] times they’d sought help in the past.

也许最令人鼓舞的是加州斯坦福大学研究人员2022年发表的一篇论文，该研究既设计了求助互动情境，又让人们{{16}}自己过去求助的经历。

The findings showed that help-seekers generally underestimate how [willing] other people will be to help and how good it will make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly [rewarding]).

研究结果显示，求助者普遍低估了别人有多{{17}}提供帮助，也低估了帮忙会让助人者感觉多好（对大多数人来说，有机会帮助别人是非常{{18}}的）。

The findings showed that help-seekers generally underestimate how [willing] other people will be to help and how good it will make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly [rewarding]).

研究结果显示，求助者普遍低估了别人有多{{17}}提供帮助，也低估了帮忙会让助人者感觉多好（对大多数人来说，有机会帮助别人是非常{{18}}的）。

U.S. customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage.

历史上，美国顾客给小费的对象，是那些他们认为大部分收入来自小费的人，比如收入低于最低工资的餐厅服务员。

Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip.

如今的小费要求往往与过去决定人们何时、如何付小费的薪资和服务规范无关。

And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.

社会护理的能力也需要提升，以支持越来越多患有长期疾病的人。

can hardly satisfy people’s needs.

难以满足人们的需求。

understand people’s health needs better.

更好地了解人们的健康需求。

make relief plans for heat-stricken people.

为受高温侵袭的人制定救助计划。

Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

这些集体“违规”的路线常常表现为穿过原本整洁的绿地、被踩出来的土路，它们抄近道、横穿草坪、翻越山丘，体现了人（和动物）以最高效的方式从A点到达B点的天然能力。

So whether you’re suggesting a (seemingly) benign change like streamlining outdated protocol, or a bigger change like adding an hour to each workday so people can leave early on Fridays, you’re asking others to reimagine their workflow or schedule.

因此，无论你提出的是（看似）无害的改变，比如精简过时的规程，还是更大的改变，比如每个工作日多工作一小时以便大家周五能早点下班，你都是在要求别人重新设想自己的工作流程或日程安排。

When it works, it works great — because you’re ready for your stubborn supervisor’s pushback with answers like, “Actually, I connected with a few people in our tech department to discuss how much time these kinds of website updates would take, and they suggested they have the bandwidth.”

这样做奏效时，效果会非常好——因为你已准备好应对固执上司的反对，回答诸如：“其实，我已经联系了技术部门的几个人，讨论这类网站更新需要多少时间，他们表示有精力来做。”

So, if people disagree with you, don’t be indignant.

所以，如果别人不同意你，不要愤愤不平。

It’s awkward, and so awkward that some people will panic and say anything.

场面很尴尬，尴尬到有些人会惊慌失措，随便说点什么。

Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than 2 seconds during conversations, including an overview of previous studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences can be so extreme that people avoid talking to strangers, even though doing so is likely to be an enjoyable experience.

研究人员分析了谈话中超过2秒的停顿出现的频率及其影响，其中包括对以往研究的综述，这些研究表明，人们对尴尬沉默的恐惧可能极其强烈，以至于会避免与陌生人交谈，尽管与陌生人交谈很可能是一种愉快的经历。

During conversations with short gaps, people feel more connected to their conversation partners.

在停顿较短的谈话中，人们会觉得与谈话对象联系更紧密。

Particularly [useful] in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors [act as] crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people’s way.

这种门在繁忙场所或紧急时刻尤其有用，它们减少了人们行进途中的障碍，从而起到疏导人群的作用。

[As well as] making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area [occupied] by them.

除了让人们进出建筑物更加方便之外，许多此类门开启方式的不同还有助于减少门所占用的总面积。

Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.

技术决定人们对世界的理解。

In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery.

在德国，有一个项目把一家养老院和一家托儿所结成了对子。

Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes.

艺术家们表示，随着人们开始将基于受版权保护素材生成的人工智能图像用于商业目的，他们面临着收入减少的风险。

Simply, there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.

简单来说，尼日利亚有些人无法前往史密森学会，去看贝宁青铜器所代表的那部分他们自己的历史和文化。

Why are people who live within a day’s drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want, but the people of Athens aren’t?

为什么住在距伦敦一天车程以内的人有权随时去看埃尔金大理石雕，而雅典人却没有？

Why are people who live within a day’s drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want, but the people of Athens aren’t?

为什么住在距伦敦一天车程以内的人有权随时去看埃尔金大理石雕，而雅典人却没有？

Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants, like rats and people, to construct cognitive maps.

大象发达的海马体结构或许能让它们像老鼠和人类一样构建认知地图。

Your social life is defined as “the activities you do with other people, for pleasure, when you are not working.”

社交生活被定义为“你在不工作时为了消遣而与他人一起进行的活动”。

You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet [like-minded] people.

然后你可以找到与这些爱好相关的团体和活动，在那里你能结识{{11}}的人。

Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction, says Coyle.

科伊尔说，要提高生活水平、让更多人更加富裕，就需要更多地利用数字技术来提高包括医疗保健和建筑业在内的各个行业的生产率。

But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits — if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.

但如果人们看不到好处——如果他们看到的只是好工作被摧毁——就不能指望他们接受这些变革。

benefit people equally.

使人们平等受益。

reduce people’s workload.

减轻人们的工作量。

They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce — all at the same time.

它们还提供了一个机会，让你可以与种植或养殖你的食物的人交谈，支持当地经济，并挑选新鲜的时令农产品——这一切可以同时完成。

The term caravan was used to [describe] groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, [such as] merchants, travellers or pilgrims.

“商队”一词用来描述出于安全原因结伴穿越这一古老路网的人群，例如商人、旅行者或朝圣者。

From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the [construction] of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.

从10世纪起，随着商贸和旅行路线日益发达，商队客栈的修建数量增加，成为人们夜间休息的安全场所。

Caravanserais served as an informal [meeting] point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.

商队客栈成为往来丝绸之路的各色人等的非正式聚会点。

“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.”

“很多员工服务于旅游业，而旅游业又靠那些短期前来的人支撑，”卡斯尔说，“所以这是一种循环效应。”

the prestige of the people they work with.

与他们共事的人的声望。

And [despite] improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.

而且，{{7}}高级付费版有所改进，却很少有人升级。

It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns.

它正在努力鼓励人们签署两份请愿书，一份呼吁禁止销售塑料草坪，另一份呼吁对这类草坪征收“生态破坏”税。

The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.

该行业还指出，真草需要大量的水、除草剂或其他养护处理，而且铺设假草坪的人往往更多地使用自己的花园。

The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.

该行业还声称，铺设假草坪的人平均会花500英镑为花园购买树木或灌木，这为昆虫提供了栖息地。

It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters.

政府还补充道：“我们更愿意帮助个人和组织作出正确的选择，而不是就此类事务立法。

The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.

这项经同行评审、通过邮件和网络对700名美国纳税人进行的经济调查还发现，人们愿意支付一大笔钱，以确保这些公园及其项目完好无损。

In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.

在青春期，那些几乎事事依靠大人、无助又依赖他人的孩子，变成了能够照顾自己、彼此帮助的独立个体。

Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.

测量公司Naismiths的加雷斯·贝尔沙姆表示，正在翻新或扩建房屋的人将直接受到影响。

Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what they can afford.

许多人觉得房价已经超出了自己的承受能力。

The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows or doors.

新规将影响那些扩建房屋时要安装新门窗的人。

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write.

没有人确切知道诗歌起源于何时，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人类会书写之前就已存在。

People often complain that plastics are too durable.

人们常常抱怨塑料太耐用了。

Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said, they had collaborated with artists; and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.

在回应随文调查的约350人中，近40%的人说他们曾与艺术家合作过；而且几乎所有人都说，他们将来会考虑这样做。

Emma Marris’s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate people who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet.

埃玛·马里斯的文章是对成千上万充满热情、为改善动物生活和保护我们的星球而不懈努力的人的侮辱和伤害。

Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down.

如果没有在家附近观察这些美丽的野生动物的机会，会有更多的人受好奇心驱使前往野外，去寻找、打扰甚至猎杀它们。

Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature, and the data points extracted from our studies do not, in any way, discount what is learned in a zoo visit.

我们的研究关注的是动物园体验对人们如何看待自身和自然的影响，从我们研究中提取的数据丝毫没有贬低参观动物园所学到的东西。

Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature.

我们的研究有力地证明了动物园在将人与动物、与自然联系起来方面的价值。

They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals, from drone bees to springbok or salmon, to better understand the natural world we live in.

它们为各种背景的人提供了接触从雄蜂到跳羚或鲑鱼等各种动物的机会，使人们更好地了解我们所生活的自然世界。

While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.

虽然圈养的动物值得同情，但动物园在引导年轻人走上相关科学道路方面发挥着重要作用。

Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.

动物园使人们不必前往荒野地区，从而为野生动物保护做出贡献。

(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

（46）这也是一场编码者与破译者之间的战斗，甚至许多熟读这段历史的人都不知道这一点。

Depending on your [interests] and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write [while] they listen to music.

根据你的兴趣和生活方式，这可能意味着少花时间看电视或听音乐，尽管有些人可以一边听音乐一边写作。

It can be learned from the paragraph 6 that young people ____

从第6段可以得知，年轻人____

The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades.

在过去三十年里，劳动力中达到退休年龄的人所占的比例翻了一番。

About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.

根据理财机构United Income的数据，今年2月，65岁及以上的人中约有20%在工作，而1985年1月这一比例为历史最低的10%。

Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth.

总部位于巴尔的摩的理财规划公司Facet Wealth的联合创始人布伦特·韦斯说，不幸的是，许多选择在退休后工作的人之所以准备这样做，是因为他们担心晚年难以维持生计。

Many people believe they can’t retire.”

许多人认为自己无法退休。”

With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are ____

关于退休，布伦特·韦斯认为许多人____

Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start.

即使在最好的时候，重新开始锻炼也可能是一项挑战，而如今由于对新冠肺炎的担忧，许多人无法去健身房和参加线下健身课，要知道从哪里开始就更棘手了。

They found that middle-aged people [with] higher measures of abdominal fat [scored] worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years [went by].

他们发现，随着岁月{{11}}，腹部脂肪测量值较高的中年人{{9}}在流体智力测量中{{10}}更差。

In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.

2007年，印度尼西亚开始逐步推行一项计划，在一定条件下向最贫困的居民发放资金，比如要求人们让孩子继续上学或定期接受医疗护理。

There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.

费拉罗说，在那里，随着人们的钱变多，其中一些人可能开垦了更多土地来养肉牛。

Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.

通常情况下，如果降雨推迟，人们可能会开垦土地种植更多水稻以补充收成。

And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment.

而且无论能否推广，这项研究都表明，对人有益的东西也可能对环境有益。

People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.

人们惊讶地看到证据表明，维多利亚时代的人也会找乐子，也能笑、也确实笑过。

changed people’s impression of the Victorians.

改变了人们对维多利亚时代人的印象。

These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

麻省理工学院人工智能与计算机科学教授帕特里克·H.温斯顿说，这些是“帮助人们使用数据的工具，而不是人的替代品”。

These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

麻省理工学院人工智能与计算机科学教授帕特里克·H.温斯顿说，这些是“帮助人们使用数据的工具，而不是人的替代品”。

It “helps people make smarter decisions.”

它“帮助人们做出更明智的决定”。

Watch people get on and show their tickets.

看看人们上车出示车票。

Do people get on without paying?

有人不付钱就上车吗？

Are there inspectors to [check] that people have paid?

有检查员核查人们是否付了钱吗？

And people who run for the bus?

那些跑着追公交车的人呢？

People complained that buses were late and infrequent.

人们抱怨公交车晚点且班次少。

There is another [problem]: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.

还有另一个问题：人们在达成目标方面变得极具创造力。

The trick is not only to [specify] just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better [achieve] the objective.

诀窍不仅在于明确目标的一两个维度，还在于理解如何帮助人们更好地实现目标。

Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.

即使我们把所有适宜的土地都改成果蔬田——这将意味着拆除所有自然保护区、让成千上万的人搬离家园——农作物产量也只能提高30%。

Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would ____

一些人认为英国的粮食自给自足将会____

It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people ____

从最后一段可知，英国人____

We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.

我们相当擅长根据第一印象来判断他人，这些第一印象是从瞥一眼照片到五分钟互动不等的经验“薄片”，而深思熟虑不仅可能是多余的，甚至可能是干扰。

She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.

当参与者观看两人一组的15秒视频片段，并判断他们是陌生人、朋友还是恋人时，她也发现了类似的干扰。

And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot of information to process.

而当人们被要求关注自己的感受而非细节时，他们做出的购车决定在客观上更好，个人也更满意，但这仅限于决策复杂的情况——即他们有大量信息需要处理时。

the power of people’s memory.

人的记忆力。

people’s ability to influence others.

人们影响他人的能力。

If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first.

如果你认为其他人也会反对，你或许应该先召集你的“队伍”。

People can contribute experience or information to your thinking — all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.

人们可以为你的思考贡献经验或信息——所有这些都会让你的反对意见更有力、更有根据。

As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk — and may even be flattered to receive your attention.

事实证明，许多人其实非常愿意交谈——甚至可能因为受到你的关注而感到受宠若惊。

This means that people should [avoid] crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only [partially] toast their bread.

这意味着人们应该避免把烤土豆烤得焦脆，拒绝薄饼比萨，烤面包也只能烤到部分焦黄。

[To be fair], the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods [entirely], but to reduce their lifetime intake.

说句公道话，食品标准局表示，它并不是要人们完全不吃烤制食品，而是要减少一生中的摄入量。

They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.

它们改变了当地居民的抱负；它们推动城市的自我形象变得更大胆、更乐观。

A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities — helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people.

“文化之镇”可以不仅关乎艺术，还关乎尊重一个城镇的独特之处——帮助维系其商业街，支持当地设施，最重要的是赞美当地的人民。

meets the aspirations of its people.

满足当地人民的愿望

But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

但这类政策往往只是一种虚伪的道德作秀，只让最有特权的人受益，对普通人几乎毫无帮助。

In signing the measure, California’s Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

在签署该措施时，加州州长杰里·布朗承认，这项明确以性别对人进行分类的法律很可能违宪。

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.

据芬兰研究员亚里·希塔宁及其同事称，在神经质（一种与自我意识过强和焦虑相关的人格维度）测试中得分高的人身上，眼神交流引发了更多与回避相关的（大脑）活动。

“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”

“我们的研究结果表明，人们成为关注焦点时，不仅感觉不同，大脑反应也不同。”

A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

一个更直接的发现是，在焦虑等负面情绪上得分高的人注视他人的时间更短，而且在别人不直视他们时，他们报告的感觉更舒适。

Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers.

大多数人与陌生人保持眼神交流时会感到不自在。

(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.

(48) 尽管教会试图压制这新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但关于宇宙如何运行的解释层出不穷，其速度之快已让人们无法再忽视。

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well.

认为首席执行官高薪主要是在敲诈他人的普遍观点并不能很好地解释历史。

Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.

每个人都想知道，即将入驻那些空置办公隔间的人会与他们的前辈有何不同。

Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly.

想想看，要凑齐15个相处得十分融洽的人有多难，更别说50个人了。

But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.

但除了那些值得信赖的同事之外，你还应该拓宽视野，去了解你身边的所有人。

One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.

一项研究发现，人们对由负面转为正面的评价反应最好，这可能是因为这表明他们赢得了某人的认可。

Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward.

有些人喜欢在会议中先闲聊几句再深入讨论重要事项，而另一些人则更加直截了当。

[So], if you head downhill, and follow any H₂O you find, you should [eventually] see signs of people.

所以，如果你朝下坡走，并沿着你发现的任何水流前进，最终应该会看到人类活动的迹象。

[For example], even in dense forest, you should be able to [spot] gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve [through] the woods.

例如，即使在茂密的森林中，你也应该能发现林木线上的缺口，这些缺口是由道路、铁轨以及人们在树林中开辟的其他小径造成的。

Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist.

斯坦福大学神经科学家戴维·伊格尔曼说，人类究竟如何思考仍然过于复杂，难以理解，更不用说复制了。

States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.

根据最高法院周四作出的一项裁决，各州将能够迫使更多人在网购时缴纳销售税，这项裁决会让购物者的钱包变瘪，但对各州来说是一场重大的财政胜利。

You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments.

你会乐于用糟糕的论证去说服别人。

These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

这些方法可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是在击败对手这种无益的意义上，而是在更好的意义上：了解使人们产生分歧的问题，了解他们为什么与我们意见不同，并学会与他们交谈和合作。如果我们重新调整对争论的看法——从口头争斗或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流我们都能获得相互尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质含义。

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.

如果争论就是争斗——我们常常这样看待争论——那么卡耐基就是对的。和肢体冲突一样，口头争斗也会让双方都头破血流。即使你赢了，最终也不会更好。即便争论只是竞赛——比如说网球比赛——你的前景也几乎同样黯淡。对手们两两对阵，来回击球，直到所有参赛者中产生一个胜者。其他人都是输家。正是这种想法让那么多人尽量避免争论，尤其是关于政治和宗教的争论。

In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way... to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

戴尔·卡耐基在其1936年的著作《人性的弱点》中写道：“只有一种方法……能在争论中占上风——那就是避免争论。”这种对争论的反感很普遍，但它基于一种对争论的错误看法，这种看法给我们的个人生活和社会生活造成了深刻的问题——而且在很多方面根本没有抓住争论的意义所在。

There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

有一种更好的方式来赢得争论。设想你赞成提高我们州的最低工资，而我不赞成。如果你大喊“赞成”，我大喊“反对”，我们谁都学不到任何东西。我们既不理解也不尊重对方，也没有妥协或合作的基础。相反，假设你给出一个合理的论证：全职工人不应该生活在贫困之中。然后我用另一个合理的论证来反驳：更高的最低工资会迫使企业雇用更少的人、缩短雇用时间。这样我们就能理解彼此的立场，并认识到我们共同的价值观，因为我们都关心贫困的工人。

I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.

我逐渐认识到糟糕论文的各种迹象：比如那种声称每周吃一公斤以上西兰花的人晚年患恶性贫血的可能性是吃得少的人的1.17倍的论文。

It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.

该论文称，问题不仅仅在于人们做了糟糕的科学研究，还在于我们目前的职业晋升制度实际上在鼓励这种研究。

According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be ____

根据第2段，许多人仍然认为内疚是____

people may misunderstand global warming.

人们可能误解全球变暖。

It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority — or even most people's.

重要的是要承认，环境并不是每个人的优先事项——甚至不是大多数人的。

In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

伊丽莎白·R·德松布尔在她的新书《为什么好人会做破坏环境的事》中指出，集体改变大量人群行为的最佳方式是让这种改变成为结构性的。

In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

伊丽莎白·R·德松布尔在她的新书《为什么好人会做破坏环境的事》中指出，集体改变大量人群行为的最佳方式是让这种改变成为结构性的。

DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment.

德松布尔并不是说人们应该停止关心环境。

"HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.

“HGTV已经严重改变了人们看待房地产的方式。

How many times have I heard people say, "I could write a book.

我有多少次听到人们说：“我也能写本书。

[When] people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that [produces] pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to [connect] with one another.

{{5}}人们信任某个人或某个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这种激素会{{6}}愉悦感，并触发促使人类彼此{{7}}的群居本能。

Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.

然而，随着人们对所有媒体的不信任加剧，他们可能开始加强自己的媒介素养。

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.

作为数字原住民的年轻人在网络空间中辨别事实与虚构方面确实越来越熟练。

A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories.

奈特基金会针对14至24岁年轻人开展的一项焦点小组调查发现，他们利用“分布式信任”来核实新闻。

“Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

该调查总结道：“许多年轻人在自我教育和主动寻找对立观点方面承担起了很大的个人责任。”

A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校2014年在澳大利亚、英国和美国开展的一项调查发现，年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使他们更多地参与政治。

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills — and in their choices on when to share on social media.

因此，当年轻人批评一位过度发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维能力上的一种心智修养——也体现在他们何时在社交媒体上分享的选择上。

people’s preference for social media platforms.

人们对社交媒体平台的偏爱。

According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people ____

根据奈特基金会的调查，年轻人____

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?

人们为什么要去看网上的负面评论，去做其他明显会带来痛苦的事情？

The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will [seek] to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will [hurt].

这项新研究表明，求知的需要如此强烈，以至于即使明知答案会带来伤害，人们仍会设法满足自己的好奇心。

That would be the people who buy advertising from them — and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

客户是那些从它们那里购买广告的人——而脸书和谷歌这两大虚拟巨头主导着数字广告，损害了所有其他媒体和娱乐公司的利益。

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

皮莱说：“人们没有意识到的是，为了完成这些任务，他们需要同时使用大脑中的专注回路和非专注回路。”

a desirable mental state for busy people.

忙碌的人向往的一种精神状态。

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.

你每天都会遇到新的人：杂货店店员、出租车司机、单位里的新同事或门口的保安。

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.

你每天都会遇到新的人：杂货店店员、出租车司机、单位里的新同事或门口的保安。

Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

相信我，只要你开口问，你会惊讶地发现人们愿意分享的东西有那么多。

So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate — whatever you talk about.

所以，要记住你见过或交谈过的人的小细节；也许是他们去过的地方、他们想去的地方、他们喜欢的东西、他们讨厌的东西——无论你们谈论的是什么。

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet — not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.

那个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他至今仍未停止阅读——即使在成为世界上最成功的人之一以后也是如此。

[Besides] helping you feel close and [connected] to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a [host] of health benefits to your body and mind.

{{1}}让你感到与你所关心的人亲近并{{2}}之外，拥抱原来还能给你的身心带来{{3}}健康益处。

People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come [down] with a cold, and the researchers [calculated] that the stress-reducing effects of hugging [explained] about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.

感知到更多社会支持的人患{{8}}感冒的可能性更小，研究人员{{9}}，拥抱的减压作用{{10}}了这一有益效果的约32%。

“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the [increased] risk for colds that’s usually [associated] with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie.

“拥抱能保护处于压力之下的人，使其免受通常与压力{{14}}的感冒风险{{13}}的影响，”卡内基梅隆大学心理学教授谢尔顿·科恩指出。

First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

先是两小时，现在是三小时——这是当局建议人们为赶国内航班提前到达机场的时间，至少在一些安检队伍越来越长的美国大型机场是这样。

Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

另一个因素可能是，更多的人为了避免托运行李费而把随身行李塞得过满，尽管航空公司对此强烈反驳。

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.

运输安全管理局可以采取一项既不需要改建机场、也不需要仓促招人的措施：让更多的人加入“预检”项目。

The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.

运输安全管理局希望让2500万人加入“预检”项目。

If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

如果一切都进展得如此顺利，那么为什么还有1700多万人投票支持脱欧，尽管有人警告说脱欧可能会对国家的经济前景造成影响？

Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.

相反，官员必须避免双重标准，即对普通人和富人给予不同类型的接触机会。

inspire hopes in average people.

激发普通人的希望。

Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.

查尔斯·狄更斯可能是19世纪最著名的英国小说家，在许多人看来也是最伟大的。

(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK’s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.

(49) 戴维·格拉多尔所指出的这些变化，都给英国面向其他国家民众的英语教学机构以及更广泛的教育行业带来了明显而重大的挑战。

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.

几个世纪以来，人们一直在思考没有工作的未来。

Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by [inequality]: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

有些人设想，即将到来的无工作世界将以{{2}}为特征：少数富人将拥有全部资本，而大众将在贫困的荒原中挣扎。

A different and not mutually exclusive [prediction] holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one [characterized] by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives [meaning], people will simply become lazy and depressed.

另一种不同但并不相互排斥的{{3}}认为，未来将是另一种荒原，一种以无目标为{{4}}的荒原：没有工作赋予生活{{5}}，人们只会变得懒惰和沮丧。

Also, some research suggests that the [explanation] for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction [among] poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.

此外，一些研究表明，受教育程度低的中年人{{9}}死亡率、心理健康问题和成瘾率上升的{{8}}是高薪工作的短缺。

These days, because leisure time is relatively [scarce] for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional [demands] of their jobs.

如今，由于大多数劳动者的闲暇时间相对{{16}}，人们利用空闲时间来抵消工作在智力和情感上的{{17}}。

The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes.

相比之下，奥运会申办者既想让更多人参与运动，又想培养出更多精英运动员。

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.

科罗拉多大学的鲍尔奇教授说，与此同时，人们仍然把火视为一种需要完全控制、只在必要时才释放的事物。

“There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill.

“有足够的人去填补麦当劳和其他不太需要技能的地方的工作岗位。

While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility.

他们的父母满足于长时间工作，而年轻人则看重灵活性。

points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.

指出有足够的人来填补不太需要技能的工作岗位。

points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.

指出工作与生活的平衡能吸引年轻人进入制造业。

says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.

说制造业的衰退是年轻人的父母被裁员的原因。

And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

或许它们还隐约暗示，人们应当看重品格和智慧等无形的品质，而不是靠节食追求零码身材或蜂腰体形。

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”

新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》明确规定：“我们意识到并承担时尚业对理想身材观念，尤其是对年轻人所产生影响的责任。”

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.

有史以来第一次，住在城镇的人比住在乡村的人多。

The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object.

保守党的规划改革明确将农村开发置于保护之上，甚至在当地人可能反对的地方批准“规划外”建设。

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.

建造新住房、工厂和办公楼的明智之地是人们聚居的地方，即基础设施已经到位的城镇。

In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.

换句话说，如果你要做印刷产品，就为那些已经对它着迷的人去做。

According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

根据普林斯顿大学的研究，人们仅凭你的外表，在十分之一秒内就会评估出你的能力、可信度和亲和力。

How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?

你尊重和敬仰的人是如何展现自己的？

Happy people work differently.

快乐的人工作方式不同。

Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.

根据最近的一篇研究论文，位于人们更快乐的地方的公司投资更多。

Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

公司似乎在大多数人都相对快乐的地方投资更多，而不是在幸福感不平等的地方。

“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and [lean towards] R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

“快乐的人会更有前瞻性、更有创造力，并且比一般人更{{20}}研发，这似乎确实是说得通的。”一位研究人员说。

Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.

科尔蒂纳说，让更多孩子接受这种训练可以增加对该领域感兴趣的人数，并有助于填补岗位缺口。

The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.

熨斗学校是人们付费学习编程的地方，它最初是众多编程训练营之一，这类训练营在寻求转行的成年人中很受欢迎。

what people often forget is carrying a book with them.

人们常常忘记的是随身带书。

The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ____

“空瓶子”的比喻说明人们感到一种压力，要____

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

调查发现，与年长者相比，刚刚踏上人生道路的年轻人更有可能在工作中优先考虑个人成就感，更有可能相信定期换工作最能推进自己的事业，更喜欢公共服务更多、生活节奏更快的社区，更认同夫妻在结婚或生育之前应当经济上有保障，并坚持认为父母双方都在外工作对孩子最为有利。

Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.

年轻人和老年人在一个关键点上看法一致：两个群体中的绝大多数人都表示，他们认为如今的年轻人比前几代人更难开启人生。

While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

尽管年轻人对如今刚起步者的前景比长辈们稍微乐观一些，但两个群体中的大多数人都认为，那些“刚刚开启人生”的人在实现诸如获得一份高薪工作、成家、管理债务和找到负担得起的住房等标志性成就方面，要比前几代人面临更艰难的攀登。

Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”

他说，即使现在有了稳定的工作，“我也无力独自支付每月的房贷，所以我不得不把房间租出去才能付得起。”

“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”

“我认为现在的人再也做不到这一点了。”

It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____

从第3段可知，年轻人倾向于____

After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally — which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.

购物大约40分钟后，大多数人就不再努力进行理性选择，而是开始情绪化购物——正是在这个时候，我们的购物车里堆积起了那50%原本根本没打算买的东西。

The same people were used in both [samples].

两组样本中使用的是同一批人。

As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even [know] their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who [resemble] our kin.”

正如加州大学圣迭戈分校医学遗传学教授詹姆斯·福勒所说：“大多数人甚至不认识自己的四代表亲，却总能设法选择与我们亲属相似的人做朋友。”

As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even [know] their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who [resemble] our kin.”

正如加州大学圣迭戈分校医学遗传学教授詹姆斯·福勒所说：“大多数人甚至不认识自己的四代表亲，却总能设法选择与我们亲属相似的人做朋友。”

The findings do not simply explain people’s [tendency] to befriend those of similar [ethnic] backgrounds, say the researchers.

研究人员称，这些发现并不只是说明人们倾向于与民族背景相似的人交朋友。

Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.

据了解，记者们窃听了多达5500人的电话。

“When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to [predict] how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their [ride] would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes.

《纽约时报》总结道：“当埃普利博士和施罗德女士请同一火车站的其他人预测自己与陌生人交谈后会有何感受时，这些通勤者认为独自坐着旅程会更愉快。”

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.

一项新研究表明，与大多数调查结果相反，人们在家里的压力实际上比在工作中更大。

Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

研究人员测量了人们在工作时和在家时的皮质醇（一种压力指标），发现在本应是避风港的地方，皮质醇水平反而更高。

This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

这就是在外工作的人更健康的原因。

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.

这项研究没有衡量的是，人们在家时是否仍在工作，无论是家务活还是从办公室带回家的工作。

At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.

在工作中，人们基本清楚自己应该做什么：工作、赚钱、完成为获得收入而必须做的任务。

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.

然而在家里，人们就没有这么清晰的认识了。

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.

因此，人们在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.

但这似乎正是职场用语的讽刺之处：人人都取笑它，可经理们喜欢它，公司依赖它，普通人也心甘情愿地接受它。

As a linguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”

正如一位语言学家曾经说过的：“你可以让人们一边觉得它是胡扯，一边又认同它。”

Regular people mock it but accept it.

普通人嘲笑它却接受它。

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.

许多人把劳工部公布的6月份新增28.8万个就业岗位以及失业率降至6.1%视为好消息。

There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.

自称自愿从事兼职工作的人数大幅增加。

Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.

许多从事兼职工作的人其实想要全职工作。

An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将难以维持生计。

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.

我们之所以知道自愿兼职和非自愿兼职的区别，是因为人们告诉了我们。

The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.

劳工部所用的调查会询问人们在参考周内的工作时间是否少于35小时。

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.

自愿兼职问题之所以与奥巴马医改有关，是因为该法案的主要目的之一就是让人们能够在工作之外获得保险。

For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

对许多人来说，尤其是那些自身或家人患有严重疾病的人来说，在奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径就是找一份提供医疗保险的工作。

However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.

然而，奥巴马医改已使超过1200万人通过医疗补助计划或保险交易所获得了保险。

These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.

这些人以前可能觉得需要找一份提供保险的全职工作，以便为自己和家人提供保障。

Many people work part-time because they ____

许多人做兼职工作是因为他们____

Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.

遗憾的是，人们会借助夸大的恐惧为自己制造内心障碍。

Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.

只有坚强的人才会选择微笑并珍视生活，而不是哭泣和抱怨。

Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people.

请记住，如果你正努力让生活发生好的改变，几乎每个人都会尊重你并愿意帮助你，尤其是你最亲近的人。

If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.

如果你没有朋友或亲人，可以试着加入一些网络社区，那里有很多总是乐于分享建议、给予鼓励的人。

Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.

如今，许多人觉得很难相信自己的看法，而是通过从外部获取客观意见来寻求平衡。

This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

这就是“熟路效应”：人们往往会低估走一条熟悉路线所花的时间。

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.

许多人步入中年后，常常开始注意到自己的记忆力和头脑的清晰度大不如前。

Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step [further] and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental [sharpness].

如今，一家新的网络公司更进一步，开发出了首个“大脑训练项目”，旨在切实帮助人们提高并恢复头脑的敏锐度。

“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”

“我们这样做，是因为我们知道这些措施能帮助人们不依赖救济金，并帮助那些领救济金的人更快地找到工作。”

One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.

一种主张是允许人们把法律作为本科学位来学习。

Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.

有些人想引起轰动，有些人想吸引人们投身科学，或者更好地奖励那些以研究为事业的人。

retain people’s interest in liberal education.

保持人们对博雅教育的兴趣。

In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

在另一个案例中，美国考古学家勒内·米利翁和乔治·考吉尔花了数年时间，系统地绘制了墨西哥谷地中特奥蒂瓦坎全城的地图，该城位于今墨西哥城附近。在公元600年前后的鼎盛时期，这座城市是世界上最大的人类聚居地之一。研究人员不仅绘制了该城宏大华丽的礼仪区域，还绘制了数百处普通百姓居住的较简陋的公寓建筑群。

Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life.

音乐对不同的人意味着不同的东西，有时甚至对同一个人在其人生的不同时刻也意味着不同的东西。

A number of studies have [concluded] that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.

许多研究{{1}}，与超重者相比，体重正常的人实际上患某些疾病的风险更高。

Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, [while] others with a low BMI may be in poor [shape].

有些BMI高的人实际上非常健康，{{10}}另一些BMI低的人{{11}}可能很差。

It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).

看起来，如果大多数人能缩短通勤时间，多花时间陪伴亲友、少花时间看电视（美国人平均每年在这上面花掉整整两个月，却几乎没有因此更快乐），他们的状况会更好。

Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.

金钱或许买不到幸福，但富裕国家的人通常比贫穷国家的人更幸福。

Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.

然而，感觉良好与为他人花钱之间的联系在世界各地的富人和穷人身上都能看到，而且对大多数人来说，稀缺会增强大多数事物带来的愉悦。

Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.

然而，感觉良好与为他人花钱之间的联系在世界各地的富人和穷人身上都能看到，而且对大多数人来说，稀缺会增强大多数事物带来的愉悦。

But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

但大多数人读完这本书后都会觉得这钱花得值。

Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.

他没有简单地让人们将自己的相貌与他人比较打分，而是让他们从一组照片中认出自己的原始照片，这组照片中包含经过修改、显得更有吸引力或更没有吸引力的版本。

“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.”

“这只是反映出人们普遍对自己评价很高。”

Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally — on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.

了解了埃普利的研究结果，就不难理解为什么许多人本能地讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上，他们甚至认不出照片里的人是自己。

Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles.

因此，脸书是自我提升者的天堂，在那里人们可以只分享最讨好的照片，展示自己在机智、风格、美貌、才智和生活方式方面最精华的部分。

“It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,” says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”

“并不是说人们的个人资料不诚实，”威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的卡塔琳娜·托马说，“而是他们描绘的是理想化的自己。”

Visual recognition is believed to be people’s ____

视觉识别被认为是人们的____

Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to ____

埃普利发现，自尊心较强的人往往____

It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer’s paradise because people can ____

可以推断，脸书是自我提升者的天堂，因为人们可以____

In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events”.

在我们快速变化的经济中，我们比以往任何时候都更需要职场中有能够主动出击、发挥想象力“应对意外事件”的人。

reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.

让人想起英国风景画的传统。

Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.

大多数人会把乐观定义为永远快乐，就像总认为杯子里还有半杯水。

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.

总的来说，人们在做个人决策时不善于考虑背景信息。

Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

虚荣心是永恒不变的；只有当人们不得不这样做时，他们才会开始以更可持续的方式购物。

People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

人们对买不起的服装更感兴趣。

By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

通过观察人们在网上搜索什么、点击什么、说什么，公司可以把“行为定向”广告投向那些最有可能购买的人。

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?

过去几周里的一场争论说明了这类精细信息对广告商的价值：广告商是否应该假定人们乐于被追踪并接收行为定向广告？

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings.

人性使然，大多数人都会保持默认设置。

People will not get fewer ads, he says.

他说，人们看到的广告并不会减少。

However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.

不过，大法官们表示，亚利桑那州警方可以核查与执法部门有接触的人员的合法身份。

to ensure more education for people.

确保人们接受更多教育。

Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed.

1908年至1915年间，约有700万人来到美国，同时约有200万人离开。

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.

要适应这个人口流动的新世界，移民之争的双方都需要采取新的态度。

do as people usually do.

照别人通常的做法去做。

And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well.

当人们对我的博客反响如此热烈时，我在某种程度上又有了那种感觉。

He’s feeling positive, but he’ll carry on blogging — not about eating as cheaply as you can — “there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food” — but eating well on a budget.

他感觉很乐观，但他会继续写博客——写的不是如何吃得尽可能便宜——“有那么多人处境比我糟糕得多，几乎没钱买吃的”——而是如何在有限的预算内吃得好。

In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

在南非，一项名为“爱生活”的艾滋病预防计划招募年轻人，在同龄人中推广安全性行为。

can change people's political attitudes.

能够改变人们的政治态度。

First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode.

第一，大多数人没有意识到，有强大的商业企图在起作用，使他们一直处于被动消费的模式中。

Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.

第二，大多数用联网计算机上传内容的人甚至没有意识到自己所做之事的意义。

For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode.

尽管我们的新型文化机器提供了种种可能，大多数人仍困于“下载”模式中。

Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.

即使在社交媒体普及之后，生产金字塔依然存在：少数人上传素材，稍多一些的人评论或修改这些内容，而绝大多数人仍满足于单纯消费。

Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

他们不仅研制出了这样一种设备，而且到千禧年之交时，还设法将其嵌入了一个每天有数十亿人访问的全球系统。

To the men and women who [served] in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the [common] man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who [bore] all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the [necessities] of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.

对于二战中服役的男男女女以及被他们解放的人们来说，大兵是成长为英雄的普通人，是被迫离开家园的贫苦农家孩子，是承受了战争一切重负的人，他睡在冰冷的散兵坑里，缺衣少食、无处栖身，却坚持到底，击退了纳粹的杀戮统治。

Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them — especially for young people.

事实上，这段经济疲软期可能会加深阶级分化，减少跨越阶级的机会——对年轻人来说尤其如此。

The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

哥伦比亚大学经济学家蒂尔·冯·瓦赫特的研究表明，并非所有在衰退期毕业的人都会人生机遇黯淡：拥有名校学位的人能相当快地追赶上来，达到他们在经济较好时期毕业本应达到的水平；被甩在后面的是他们之下的普通大众。

According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ____

根据第2段，经济衰退使人们____

When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.

发展中国家的人们担忧人口迁移时，通常担心的是本国最优秀、最聪明的人才可能会流向硅谷，或流向发达国家的医院和大学。

Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.

许多研究发现，来自发展中国家的受过良好教育的人尤其倾向于移居国外。

“The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long.”

“受伤害最深的是那些待得太久的人。”

It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter — nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.

珍妮弗·西尼尔那篇富有洞见、发人深省的杂志封面文章《我爱我的孩子，我恨我的生活》正引发热议，这并不奇怪——没有什么比暗示养育孩子并非一种完全令人满足、丰富人生的经历更能引起人们议论的了。

Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.

当然，《美国周刊》和《人物》等名人杂志所呈现的为人父母的形象极不现实，尤其是当父母是像布洛克那样的单身母亲时。

It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.

很难想象会有很多人蠢到仅仅因为瑞茜和安吉丽娜让养孩子看起来如此光鲜迷人就想要孩子：大多数成年人都明白，生孩子可不像换个发型那么简单。

If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.

如果环境总是决定人们的生活和前途，那么人类就永远不会进步。

The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools.

“少即是多”这一说法实际上最早是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗推广开来的；他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移居美国，并在美国的建筑院校任职。

The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.

这些要求是针对卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利上周的言论提出的。兰斯利坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康的选择，并承诺让企业摆脱公共卫生法规的束缚。

He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.

他还批评了名厨杰米·奥利弗为改善英格兰学校午餐而高调做出的努力，称这个例子说明“说教”并不是改变人们行为的最佳方式。