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- n. （产品）来源，制法未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。 派生由这个词构成的派生词、合成词的意思。
vt. 使，使得大纲外129 次
Let’s go on with the show...and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.
让演出继续下去吧……并确保演出不会在没有我们的情况下继续。
People report that broadcast music made workmen whistle new tunes.
人们反映，广播里的音乐让工人们吹起了新曲子的口哨。
It’s enough to make a person put down the smartphone and go out front with a yard broom.
这足以让人放下智能手机，拿上一把院子里用的扫帚走到屋前去。
Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier.
相反，越来越多的研究表明，频繁的低强度火灾让许多生态系统变得更健康。
At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more resilient.
在约塞米蒂国家公园，马丁主持实施了所谓的计划烧除，以增强当地景观的恢复能力。
Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.
研究表明，这些计划烧除会降低后续野火的严重程度，即使之后的火灾发生在最危险的天气条件下也是如此。
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Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said.
然而专家们表示，尽管科学家和政府官员越来越认同我们的森林需要更多的火，但气候变化正使这一策略变得更具挑战性。
It may make severe fires harder to put out.
它可能使严重的火灾更难扑灭。
It is undoubtedly true that all work and no play really does make Jack, or Jill, dull. The cure is right at hand. Reading is cheap, easy and, most important, it’s fun. Liberate your imagination this year.
毫无疑问，只工作不玩耍确实会让人变得乏味。解药就在手边。阅读便宜、简单，最重要的是，它很有趣。今年就解放你的想象力吧。
Reading has also been found to make us more helpful, to reduce bias, and even to increase longevity — something we will enjoy all the more if we have a good book in our hands. (And yes, all these benefits are more closely associated with physical books than digital ones.)
研究还发现，阅读能让我们更乐于助人、减少偏见，甚至延长寿命——如果手里有一本好书，我们会更加享受这份长寿。（没错，所有这些益处与纸质书的联系都比与电子书更为密切。）
(49) It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
(49) 直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”一词出现，科学才拥有了它所需要的强有力的口号，以引起公众的关注，并使改进科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。
There’s no need to back away from progress, as long as we’re equipped with the knowledge and tools to make sure AI remains a friend.
只要我们具备足够的知识和工具来确保人工智能始终是朋友，就没有必要在进步面前退缩。
Street festivals drive foot traffic to local businesses and foster the kind of cultural vibrancy that makes our city special.
街头节庆为当地商家带来客流，并培育出让我们城市与众不同的文化活力。
When we wear clothes that make us feel comfortable and confident, it can positively affect our self-esteem and overall mood.
当我们穿上让自己感到舒适和自信的衣服时，这会对我们的自尊心和整体情绪产生积极影响。
At the very least, we need to make our energy use far more sustainable.
至少，我们需要让我们的能源使用更具可持续性。
ACE says it’s helped shrink the number of illegal streaming services in North America to 126, from more than 1,400 in 2018, aided in part by the MPA’s support for a 2020 federal law that made large-scale streaming of copyright material a serious crime.
ACE表示，它已帮助将北美的非法流媒体服务数量从2018年的1400多个减少到126个，这在一定程度上得益于美国电影协会对2020年一项联邦法律的支持，该法律将大规模流播受版权保护的内容定为重罪。
Yet how was that universality of access made possible and, perhaps more importantly, how is it maintained?
然而，这种获取的普遍性是如何实现的？或许更重要的是，它是如何维持的？
That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a massive challenge. He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one butterfly take-off sequence in focus. At such high shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly’s likely flight-line — and catch it — in focus.
这听起来既简单又人为，但彼得斯坚称这仍是一项巨大的挑战。他通常要拍一万到两万张照片，才能得到一组对焦清晰的蝴蝶起飞序列。在如此高的快门速度下，景深非常小，而且蝴蝶并不沿直线飞行，很快就会扑腾着飞出焦点。除了成千上万次的尝试，还需要耐心和野外经验来预判蝴蝶可能的飞行路线——并在焦点内捕捉到它。
A citizen science-based approach can extend the field of vision and include different ideas and different brains to problem-solve and create, making innovation faster and more effective.
基于公民科学的方法可以拓展视野，容纳不同的想法和不同的头脑来解决问题和进行创造，使创新更快、更有效。
The findings showed that help-seekers generally underestimate how [willing] other people will be to help and how good it will make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly [rewarding]).
研究结果显示，求助者普遍低估了别人有多{{17}}提供帮助，也低估了帮忙会让助人者感觉多好（对大多数人来说，有机会帮助别人是非常{{18}}的）。
The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip.
数字支付设备的普及让向顾客索要小费变得更容易。
HAPs shouldn’t just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler.
研究人员说，高温行动计划不应只包含短期应急响应，还应推荐能让社区更凉爽的中长期措施。
In other words, don’t throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out.
换句话说，不要为了让自己的改进显得突出而牺牲旧的解决方案。
[As well as] making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area [occupied] by them.
除了让人们进出建筑物更加方便之外，许多此类门开启方式的不同还有助于减少门所占用的总面积。
What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries of origin?
是什么内在因素让西方成为这些文物的合适归宿，却使它们不能由其原属国保存和展出？
Spending too much time on your own, not [seeing] others, can make you feel lonely and [disconnected].
独处时间过多、不{{3}}别人，会让你感到孤独和{{4}}。
Make sure you [mark out] some time in your diary when you’re [unavailable] for socialising and use this time to relax, [rest] and recover.
一定要在日程表上{{18}}一些时间，在这段时间里你{{19}}社交，并利用这段时间放松、{{20}}和恢复。
“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe” and what can help, said Dugan.
杜根说：“我们需要更好的证据来弄清是什么让司机变得不安全”，以及什么能起到帮助作用。
“Again, since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?,’ having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage,” he wrote in an email.
他在一封电子邮件中写道：“再说一次，既然高中毕业班学生必须考虑的一大问题是‘是什么让你与众不同？’，那么拥有一项不常见的课外活动，相对于常规活动而言，就是一种优势。”
The State Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.
该州议会最近投票否决了一项法案，该法案若获通过，城镇制定限制短期租赁的法规就将成为违法行为。
To make them easily noticeable.
为了让它们容易被注意到。
The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.
这项经同行评审、通过邮件和网络对700名美国纳税人进行的经济调查还发现，人们愿意支付一大笔钱，以确保这些公园及其项目完好无损。
Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently.
它的活力和韵律能够吸引读者，将他们带入另一个世界，让他们以不同的眼光看待事物。
Nature’s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever, but, to make a collaboration work, both sides need to invest time and embrace surprise and challenge.
《自然》的调查结果表明，这一趋势一如既往地强劲，但要让合作取得成功，双方都需要投入时间，并欣然接受意外和挑战。
Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff.
由于就业保护法使解雇员工的成本更高，雇主在招聘新员工时更加谨慎。
This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment.
这使得处于边缘的经理更难获得工作。
To make writing a priority, you’ll have to [sacrifice] some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.
要把写作放在优先位置，你就不得不牺牲一些日常活动和一些你真正喜欢的事情。
You’ll have to make social media an [occasional] activity rather than a daily, time-consuming [habit].
你得把社交媒体变成偶尔为之的活动，而不是每天耗费时间的习惯。
It’s a [tough] learning curve and it won’t always make you popular.
这是一个艰难的学习过程，而且不一定总能让你受欢迎。
Exercising with others “can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you’re more likely to do it again,” Jackovitz says.
贾科维茨说，和别人一起锻炼“可以让你有责任感，也让锻炼更有趣，所以你更有可能坚持下去”。
Make it a habit
养成习惯
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?).
作为一名总在寻找能让我们重新评价过去的文字或图像的历史学家，我开始热衷于寻找那些展现我们维多利亚时代祖先微笑的照片（还有什么比这更好的方式来打破19世纪拘谨古板的形象呢？）。
What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
是什么使摄影在维多利亚时代发展缓慢？
“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston.
“机器学习往往提供一种更可靠的统计形式，使数据更有价值，”温斯顿说。
Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a [cost].
任何事都可以做得更快、更便宜，但这是有代价的。
Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their great hunger for tech talent.
它们的工程师团队留了下来，这使它们成为众多“收购式招聘”中的两例——最大的那些公司用这种方式来满足自己对技术人才的巨大渴求。
People can contribute experience or information to your thinking — all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.
人们可以为你的思考贡献经验或信息——所有这些都会让你的反对意见更有力、更有根据。
Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
私下讨论这个问题会让有权势的人觉得没那么受威胁。
And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.
而且，假如他同意了，你在表达反对意见时也会更有信心。
It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.
这也会让你显得很自信，即使你并不自信。
Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.
出版商对“让读者免费获取产品”这一要求的回应是，向作者收取费用以支付文章的编辑成本。
Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.
要求公司把性别作为董事会成员的首要条件，必然会导致私营部门董事会经验不足。
Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
下次再有人推行企业配额制作为促进性别平等的方式时，请记住，这类政策在很大程度上是自私自利的措施，只会让发起者自我感觉良好，对普通女性却几乎毫无帮助。
“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
“我们原以为得给它装上能动的头和尾巴、加上面部特征，还要给它喷上气味让它闻起来像真老鼠，但事实证明没有必要，”协助这项研究的澳大利亚昆士兰大学的珍妮特·怀尔斯说。
Mayor José Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality.
尽管清洁空气区成功改善了空气质量，市长何塞·路易斯·马丁内斯-阿尔梅达仍把反对该区作为其竞选活动的核心。
The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
这其中的教训并不是说你应该把个人生活完全公开，而是说，当你可以选择是透露自己的细节还是费尽心思地隐瞒时，你应该选择诚实。
And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students — who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill — feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.
而任何能提高GPA的做法都可能让学生——他们毕竟是付钱的人——觉得自己交的学费更值，这是大学关心的另一件大事。
What makes humans humans?”
是什么使人成为人？”
To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values?
换句话说：我们如何确保智能机器的思维体现人类的最高价值观？
The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.
这两项判决使各州更难对某些网购商品征收销售税。
make more online shoppers pay sales tax.
使更多网购者缴纳销售税。
There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
还有一些基于激励的方法可以让人们更容易做出更环保的选择，比如确保回收至少和丢弃垃圾一样方便。
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
贝利说，问问他们喜欢候选房屋后院的什么地方，会让他们觉得自己参与了决策过程。
"Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."
“虽然这样说可能有些刺耳，但这个决定或许不应取决于孩子的意见，而应在充分考虑什么样的房子最能满足他们需求的基础上替他们做出——同时给他们机会对房子稍加布置，让它成为自己的家。”
"Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."
“虽然这样说可能有些刺耳，但这个决定或许不应取决于孩子的意见，而应在充分考虑什么样的房子最能满足他们需求的基础上替他们做出——同时给他们机会对房子稍加布置，让它成为自己的家。”
Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.
像大多数作家一样，他一路上不得不经历许多失望和退稿，但这些反而让他更加坚定了成功的决心。
It could make extra training and instruction affordable.
它可以让额外的培训和指导变得负担得起。
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier.
应对自动化的挑战凸显出美国有必要重振其日渐衰退的商业活力：必须让创办新公司变得更容易。
These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.
这些新形式起初主要由学者创作、由业余演员表演，但在英国，正如在西欧其他各地一样，职业演员阶层的壮大正使戏剧趋于大众化，无论它是新是旧，是古典的还是中世纪的，是文学性的还是闹剧性的。
But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
但电池储能容量的提升，正使可再生能源全天候持续供电变得更有可能。
It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
这是我们所有人都会面临的问题：你和想要交谈的人相处的时间有限，而你又想让这次交谈令人难忘。
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.
说实话，如果我们陷入“嗨”“你好”“你好吗？”和“最近怎么样？”这种老套路，你就无法在一开始给交谈带来那种能让它令人难忘的冲击。
It is long past time to make the program work.
早就该让这个项目发挥作用了。
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”
罗伯特·F·肯尼迪曾说过，一个国家的GDP衡量的是“除了让生活有价值的东西以外的一切”。
If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods — making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.
如果说政府有什么作用的话，那应该是参与提供公共产品——确保有修建运动场的空间和铺设网球场、无挡板篮球场的资金，并鼓励学校开展所有这些活动。
Or at least not make them worse.
或者至少不要让情况变得更糟。
It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
这让人难以抽身，并大量渗入家庭日常生活之中。”
This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
这能让他们感觉更快乐，从而在其余时间更好地陪伴孩子。
make their parents more creative.
让父母更有创造力。
Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
在适应大学生活、被投入一个全新环境时，间隔年的经历可以减轻冲击，让学生更容易专注于学业和活动，而不是适应过程中的失误。
But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
但她说，承认火在人类生活中不可避免的存在，这种态度对于制定尽可能保障安全的法律、政策和做法至关重要。
[After] a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying [into] a good family.
选定配偶之后，双方家庭会互相调查，以确保自己的孩子嫁入或娶自一个好人家。
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
上周，法国立法者初步批准了一项法律，将在T台上雇用过瘦模特定为犯罪。
While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
尽管民意调查显示，英国人把“乡村”与王室、莎士比亚和国民医疗服务体系（NHS）并列为最让他们为祖国感到自豪的事物，但这种情感在政治上得到的支持却很有限。
Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.
把你的印刷报纸变成奢侈品。
Make it efficient
讲求效率
Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.
心理健康是创造力的源泉，这种创造力可用于解决问题、化解冲突、美化周围环境、打理家庭生活，或者想出有创意的商业点子或发明，让我们的生活更加便利。
Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.
心理健康是创造力的源泉，这种创造力可用于解决问题、化解冲突、美化周围环境、打理家庭生活，或者想出有创意的商业点子或发明，让我们的生活更加便利。
To find out, the researchers controlled for various [factors] that might make firms more likely to invest — like size, industry, and sales — and for indicators that a place was [desirable] to live in, like growth in wages or population.
为了弄清楚这一点，研究人员控制了可能使公司更倾向于投资的各种{{10}}——如规模、行业和销售额——以及表明一个地方{{11}}居住的指标，如工资或人口的增长。
Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ____
科尔蒂纳认为，早接触计算机科学会让人更容易____
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.
让这个问题更棘手的是，常用的时间管理技巧似乎不够用。
make passing time fulfilling.
让流逝的时间过得充实。
Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”
他说，即使现在有了稳定的工作，“我也无力独自支付每月的房贷，所以我不得不把房间租出去才能付得起。”
That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.
这差不多就像把灰尘扫到地毯下面一样无济于事，甚至可能让我们生病。
Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
即便如此，这些仍是与国际上最富有的1%的人一同聚会的富贵家庭，而媒体的窥探使他们越来越难以维持恰当的形象。
The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
与此同时，“云计算”的发展让这种查看变得容易得多。
This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.
她认为，同样是道德目标的缺失，正在伤害新闻国际这样的公司，使其更有可能迷失方向，就像它在大范围非法窃听电话事件中那样。
This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.
然而，这并不意味着阐释只是相对的，甚至毫无意义。
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide [behind] our screens?
究竟是什么让我们觉得需要躲在屏幕后面？
It’s that [simple]: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
道理就是这么简单：与陌生人交谈能让你感到与他人相连。
Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.
而且，这些失去会让我们成熟，最终推动我们走向未来成长和幸福的机会。
According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel ____
根据第3段，失业让人感到____
Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
失业救济金不应附加条件。
Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
他们当中许多人反而成了专门提起滋扰性诉讼的人，使侵权法体系变成了代价高昂的噩梦。
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.
从这种长远视角看，对人类前景的悲观看法似乎更可能只是一时的潮流。
Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.
镇定是一种心理状态，它通过构建一个人与其环境的关系而得以实现。
First, it is very [expensive] to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the [dominant] form of payment.
首先，要让电子货币成为主导的支付形式，就必须建立计算机、读卡器和电信网络，而这些设施的建设成本非常高昂。
Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
因此，每个人都需要找到自己的额外价值——即能让自己在所从事的任何领域中脱颖而出的独特贡献。
But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
但我们可以确定的一点是，随着全球化和信息技术革命的每一次推进，最好的工作将要求劳动者接受更多更好的教育，使自己高于一般水平。
Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.
强大的记忆力并没有让我的情感更加强烈或鲜明。
That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be [accepted] as impartial judgments.
这类活动使得最高法院的判决更不容易被当作公正的裁决而为人接受。
At the very least, the court should make itself [subject] to the code of conduct that [applies] to the rest of the federal judiciary.
至少，最高法院应当让自己受制于适用于联邦司法系统其他部门的行为准则。
The justices must [address] doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves [accountable] to the code of conduct.
大法官们必须通过让自己对行为准则负责，来回应人们对最高法院合法性的质疑。
That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, [as a result], convincing as law.
这会使他们的裁决更有可能被视为与政治无关，从而作为法律更具说服力。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.
普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了大量“社会疗法”付诸实践的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“向烟雾宣战”的州政府资助的禁烟项目致力于让吸烟显得不酷。
Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.
《加入俱乐部》充斥着太多无关的细节，而对使同伴压力如此强大的社会和生物因素探讨不足。
If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing.
如果学区认为家庭作业对学生的学业成就不重要，就应当着手减少或取消作业，而不是让作业几乎不计分。
According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ____
根据第2段，经济衰退使人们____
The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.
金融危机使得处于待业状态或离开一份糟糕的工作变得更容易被人接受。
Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
其他营销者的入驻除了带来收入，还使该网站显得客观，让公司有机会了解有关其他公司营销吸引力的宝贵信息，并可能有助于为所有相关公司扩大用户流量。
Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.
西尼尔并没有得出孩子使父母快乐或痛苦的结论，而是提出我们需要重新定义幸福：不应把幸福看作可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的东西，而应把幸福视为一种“过去时”的状态。
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.
很难想象会有很多人蠢到仅仅因为瑞茜和安吉丽娜让养孩子看起来如此光鲜迷人就想要孩子：大多数成年人都明白，生孩子可不像换个发型那么简单。
But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
但耐人寻味的是，我们每周看到的那些毫无压力、增添幸福的为人父母的形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的层面上加深了我们对实际育儿经历的不满，就像我们内心有一小部分曾希望剪个“瑞秋头”就能让自己看起来有那么一点像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿一样。
Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another.
由于我们大多数人相信精神与物质是分离的，我们便认为思想可以被隐藏起来，并使其失去作用；这使得我们可以想的是一套，做的却是另一套。
However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
然而，艾伦认为，潜意识引发的行动与有意识的思想一样多，而且（47）虽然我们也许能够仅凭有意识的思想维持自己能控制一切的错觉，但实际上我们不断面临这样一个问题：“为什么我不能让自己做这件事或实现那个目标？”
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a [proposal] to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech [equivalent] of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled [into] one.
上个月，美国网络安全主管霍华德·施密特向联邦政府提交了一项让网络更安全的提案——建立一个“自愿可信身份”系统，它相当于高科技版的实体钥匙、指纹和带照片的身份证，三者合而为一。
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to [log in] just once but use many different services.
谷歌和微软等公司已经拥有这类“单点登录”系统，用户只需登录一次就能使用许多不同的服务。
During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
在大萧条和战争期间，美国人学会了节俭度日，这种克制加上战后对未来的信心，使小巧实用的住房真正成为一种时尚。
It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.
这是一次雄心勃勃的尝试，旨在缓和全球化最尖锐的锋芒，使资本主义变得温和。
vt. 制造，做成，准备124 次
[For instance], as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on experiences where you can virtually [test] makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedures [before] making any physical changes.
{{6}}，人工智能既便捷又新奇，它带来了虚拟试穿（试妆）体验，让你在做出任何实际改变{{8}}，就能虚拟地{{7}}妆容、发型、服装，甚至整容手术的效果。
collect funds for film and TV making.
为影视制作筹集资金。
making a loud noise.
大声喧哗。
It’s just you made some [mistakes] in the report and she wanted to point these out so that you do better next time.
只不过是你在报告中犯了一些错误，她想把这些指出来，好让你下次做得更好。
Make a plan for their expansions.
为它们的扩张制定计划。
We are eliminating a stage, booking fewer performers and making additional cuts to reduce our costs, all while striving to keep the festival as vibrant as ever, as supportive of local artists and businesses, and as true to Wicker Park’s unique spirit and reputation as festgoers have come to expect.
我们撤掉了一个舞台，邀请的表演者也减少了，还进行了其他削减以降低成本，同时努力让节庆一如既往地充满活力、一如既往地支持本地艺术家和商家，并一如既往地保持游客所期待的柳条公园独特精神与声誉。
展开其余 118 条收起
Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology [techniques] and tools had made huge advances.
自20世纪60年代以来，水下考古的{{15}}和工具已取得了巨大进步。
At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on.
在创作之时，人们并没有刻意去保存它们，但模拟（实物）材料却有机会留存下来，成为传记作家、历史学家和小说家所依赖的历史记录。
It was a musician who discovered the planet Uranus in the 18th century by making his own telescope with mirrors composed of copper and tin.
18世纪，正是一位音乐家用铜锡合金制成的镜片自制望远镜，发现了天王星。
(48) Scientists have employed a variety of ways to engage the general public in their research, such as making data analysis into an online game or sample collection into a smartphone application.
(48) 科学家们采用了多种方式让公众参与他们的研究，例如把数据分析做成网络游戏，或把样本采集做成智能手机应用程序。
Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims.
然而，尽管二十年来出台了各种战略、进行了多项重大医疗改革，我们在这些目标上都未能取得实质性进展。
make relief plans for heat-stricken people.
为受高温侵袭的人制定救助计划。
A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks.
Reddit上有一个专门讨论这一现象的网页，拥有近5万名成员，上面展示了各地欲望小径的图片，这些小径旁竖着指示行人走指定步道的标牌，凸显了这些人为踩出的小路所固有的叛逆性质。
This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street.
荷兰殖民者到来后，这条小道被拓宽，成为横贯该岛的主要商路之一，当时被称为de Heere Straat，即“绅士街”。
show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.
表明当时制钉技术的珍贵。
A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes, Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as Dungeons & Dragons and Magic: The Gathering.
格雷格·鲁特科夫斯基是一位波兰数字艺术家，他用古典绘画风格创作梦幻般的奇幻风景，曾为《龙与地下城》和《万智牌》等游戏绘制插图。
Reproductions, even if perfectly made, cannot take the place of the authentic objects.
复制品即便制作得完美无缺，也无法取代真品。
To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds, you need social buy-in.
她补充说，要实现如此“巨大的变革”，你需要获得社会的认同。
has been a focus of federal policy-making.
已成为联邦政策制定的焦点。
“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if they’re going to do a popular activity, I’d say, be the best at it,” says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.
大学招生顾问萨拉·哈伯森说：“想要脱颖而出、产生影响，竞争会激烈得多，所以如果他们要参加一项热门活动，我会说，那就做到最好。”
Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”
霍恩说，类似的登记要求可能会让处境艰难的城镇受益，但“如果我们想改变住房市场，最主要的是我们必须建造更多的房子。”
And [despite] improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.
而且，{{7}}高级付费版有所改进，却很少有人升级。
It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters.
政府还补充道：“我们更愿意帮助个人和组织作出正确的选择，而不是就此类事务立法。
Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs.
决策总是涉及权衡奖赏与风险、收益与代价。
“The object you make is already a time bomb.”
“你做出来的东西本身就已经是一颗定时炸弹。”
make an early decision on their career.
尽早做出职业决定
“Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning.” One respondent said.
一位受访者说：“艺术家帮助科学家接触到更广泛的受众，并建立能促进学习的情感联系。”
(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.
（46）这也是一场编码者与破译者之间的战斗，甚至许多熟读这段历史的人都不知道这一点。
His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that.
他自我提升、刻苦努力的故事本身就足以写成一部引人入胜的传记，但它所代表的远不止于此。
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users.
“暗黑模式”一词由用户体验专家哈里·布里格努尔于2010年首创，泛指那些通过操纵用户界面来影响用户决策能力的做法。
undermine users’ decision-making.
削弱用户的决策
It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.
火车运营商大肆宣扬他们对铁路网所做的改进固然不错，但乘客为出行支付了如今这笔可观的费用，理应能够期待得到基本水平的服务。
It “helps people make smarter decisions.”
它“帮助人们做出更明智的决定”。
There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
还有像Acquisio这样的公司，它分析Adwords、必应和社交媒体等多个渠道的广告效果，并就广告资金投向哪里能产生最佳效果作出调整或提出建议。
And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot of information to process.
而当人们被要求关注自己的感受而非细节时，他们做出的购车决定在客观上更好，个人也更满意，但这仅限于决策复杂的情况——即他们有大量信息需要处理时。
When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to ____
当你做复杂的决定时，最好____
Don’t make judgments.
不要妄下判断。
made
做
But it can also be antagonistic, such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.
但它也可能带有敌意，比如一位政治候选人在辩论中转向竞争对手，与对方进行带有敌意的眼神接触。
(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.
(48) 尽管教会试图压制这新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但关于宇宙如何运行的解释层出不穷，其速度之快已让人们无法再忽视。
These lessons are very important; they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again.
这些教训非常重要；它们是我们成长的方式，也是我们避免再犯同样错误的方式。
Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
然而官员们还期望获得更大的好处：不仅是银行，所有企业都能做出更多长远决策，为子孙后代建设一个更强大的经济。
governments’ impatience in decision-making.
政府在决策中的急躁。
Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.
人类驾驶员有时必须在瞬间做出决定。
So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.
人工智能系统做出的决策应当可解释、透明且公平，这一理念同样是一个起点。
can be misleading to robot making.
可能会误导机器人的制造。
States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.
根据最高法院周四作出的一项裁决，各州将能够迫使更多人在网购时缴纳销售税，这项裁决会让购物者的钱包变瘪，但对各州来说是一场重大的财政胜利。
describes the long and complicated process of its making.
描述了其漫长而复杂的形成过程。
(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.
(48) 人们已经尝试遏制这种趋势，例如，在评估申请人的论文时，努力把对质量和数量的某种衡量都纳入其中。
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate [depiction] of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.
我还发现，每天称体重并不能准确反映我在健身房里付出的努力和取得的进步。
prevent us from making further efforts.
阻碍我们做出进一步的努力。
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
贝利说，问问他们喜欢候选房屋后院的什么地方，会让他们觉得自己参与了决策过程。
"Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions," Hampson said.
“在做出房产决策之前和孩子们谈谈是明智的，但我不会仅凭他们的意见来做购房决定，”汉普森说。
"Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."
“虽然这样说可能有些刺耳，但这个决定或许不应取决于孩子的意见，而应在充分考虑什么样的房子最能满足他们需求的基础上替他们做出——同时给他们机会对房子稍加布置，让它成为自己的家。”
making more investment in new vehicles.
对新车辆进行更多投资。
By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage — where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.
到莎士比亚二十五岁时，黎里、皮尔和格林已经创作出既通俗又具文学性的喜剧；基德写出了一部令正厅后排座无虚席的悲剧；马洛则让诗歌与天才在大众舞台上大放异彩——自欧里庇得斯去世以来，它们在大众舞台上从未发挥过作用。
make specific daily plans.
制定具体的每日计划。
Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.
催产素主要在大脑中央下部产生，其中一部分被释放到血液中。
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.
天文学界正在做出妥协，以改变其对莫纳克亚山的使用方式。
But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation.
但根据反贿赂法，必须证明存在具体的好处，比如批准一份合同或一项规章。
Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”
仅仅安排一次会面、打一个电话或主办一场活动并不算“官方行为”。
made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
在给麦克唐奈定罪时毫不妥协。
Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.
《博兹随笔》问世后不久，一家出版公司找到狄更斯，请他按月分期创作一个故事，作为当时著名画家罗伯特·西摩一系列木刻画的背景故事，而这个故事的构想最初正是出自西摩。狄更斯以他特有的自信，成功地坚持让西摩的画反过来为他自己的故事配图。第一期刊出后，狄更斯写信给这位画家，要求他修改一幅狄更斯认为不够忠实于其文字的插图。西摩改了画，走进自家后院，以自杀的方式表达了他的不满。狄更斯和他的出版商干脆换了一位新画家继续推进。这部喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》于1836年和1837年连载，并于1837年首次以书籍形式出版。
“We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
“我们再也不制造任何东西了，”他在为自己的墨西哥制造服装系列辩护时对福克斯新闻说。
“We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
“我们再也不制造任何东西了，”他在为自己的墨西哥制造服装系列辩护时对福克斯新闻说。
A young man can [decide on] a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to [arrange] the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.
年轻男子可以自己选定一位合适的配偶，然后请父母安排婚事商谈；也可能由男方父母来选择配偶，孩子在选择中几乎没有发言权。
They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.
乡村不会再被造出来，而每年都有更多乡村被混凝土吞噬。
The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.
制作实体报纸所需的基础设施——印刷机、送报卡车——不仅昂贵，而且在只做线上的竞争对手没有同样财务负担的当下，显得过于多余。
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.
有时即便如此，做出改变也是值得的。
“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
“我会提高价格，让它更像一种传承产品。”
In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.
换句话说，如果你要做印刷产品，就为那些已经对它着迷的人去做。
In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.
换句话说，如果你要做印刷产品，就为那些已经对它着迷的人去做。
make strategic adjustments.
做出战略调整。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking [necessary] for making investments for the future.
这是因为快乐与那种为未来进行投资所{{3}}的长远思维相关。
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors [attribute] to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less [experienced] managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”
快乐与投资之间的相关性在较年轻的公司中尤为明显，作者将此{{13}}于“不那么成文化的决策过程”以及可能存在的“更年轻、更缺乏{{14}}、更容易受情绪影响的管理者”。
But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.
但有一种具体的抱怨听起来尤其令人伤感：永远没有时间读书。
the old made more life achievements.
老年人取得了更多的人生成就。
According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.
根据脑部扫描实验，如此多的决策需求很快就会让我们不堪重负。
You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.
你开始推断文本的语境，例如，判断其中涉及何种言语事件：谁在说话，对谁说，在何时何地说。
You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.
你开始推断文本的语境，例如，判断其中涉及何种言语事件：谁在说话，对谁说，在何时何地说。
If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.
如果你不熟悉某些单词或习语，你会利用上下文中的线索猜测其含义。你假定它们以后会变得有关联，于是在心里记下语篇中的实体以及它们之间可能存在的联系。
You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity — inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
你会作进一步的推断，例如，推断这篇文本对你可能有何意义，或者推断它是否站得住脚——这些推断构成了个人反应的基础，而作者对这种反应的责任必然要小得多。
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
由于角色界限日益模糊，加之家庭在为职业女性做出调整方面远远落后于职场，女性在家压力更大也就不足为奇了。
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.
在解释这与奥巴马医改的关系之前，有必要先做一个重要的区分。
Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people.
请记住，如果你正努力让生活发生好的改变，几乎每个人都会尊重你并愿意帮助你，尤其是你最亲近的人。
You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
你活在自己的躯体里，思考自己的想法，拥有自己的价值观，做出自己的选择。
Thinking is essentially a [process] of making connections in the brain.
思考本质上是在大脑中建立联系的过程。
To a certain extent, our ability to [excel] in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.
在一定程度上，我们善于建立那些驱动智力的联系的能力是遗传而来的。
[However], because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate [according to] mental effort.
然而，由于这些联系是通过努力和练习建立起来的，科学家们认为智力会随着脑力投入的多少而增长和波动。
Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.
就连“求职者津贴”这个说法本身也是在把失业者重新定义为“求职者”——他们对自己通过缴纳国民保险而挣得的救济金不享有根本权利。
Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
有些人想引起轰动，有些人想吸引人们投身科学，或者更好地奖励那些以研究为事业的人。
How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
当地面上什么也看不见时，考古学家怎么知道到哪里去找他们要找的东西呢？通常，他们会对大片地域进行勘测和取样（进行试掘），以确定在哪里发掘能获得有用的信息。勘测和试样对于了解包含考古遗址在内的更大范围的地貌也变得十分重要。
Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.
勘测的范围可以是单个大型聚居地，也可以是整片地域。在一个案例中，许多在洪都拉斯古玛雅城市科潘周边工作的研究人员，借助航拍照片和徒步勘测，找到了数百个小村落和独立住所。由此绘制的聚落地图显示，从公元500年到科潘衰亡的850年间，该城周边农村人口的分布和密度发生了巨大变化。
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.
总的来说，人们在做个人决策时不善于考虑背景信息。
At first glance this might seem like a strength that [grants] the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by [external] factors.
乍一看，这似乎是一种优势，它赋予人们做出不受外部因素影响的判断的能力。
The scores were [then] used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is [marked] out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
随后，这些分数会与申请者在研究生管理科入学考试（GMAT，一种满分为800分的标准化考试）中的成绩结合起来，用以决定是否录取该申请者。
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes — and beautifully.
在《过度着装》接近结尾处，克莱因介绍了她心目中的理想人物——布鲁克林一位名叫萨拉·凯特·博蒙特的女士，她自2008年以来所有的衣服都是自己做的，而且做得很漂亮。
As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
一如既往，过去是通往未来的钥匙：我们现在已经识别出足够多塑造地球及人类历史的长期规律，从而能够对我们的后代将要面临的处境做出有据可依的预测。
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression.
据推测，花园源于建造者的一种基本人类需求：创造性表达的需求。
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.
鉴于电子货币的种种优势，你也许会认为我们会很快进入一个所有支付都以电子方式完成的无现金社会。
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
戴维森的文章是近来出现的众多文章之一，这些文章都指出：如今失业率居高不下、中产阶级收入不断下降，很大程度上是由于大衰退导致需求大幅下滑，但也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的推进，它们正以前所未有的速度用机器或外国工人取代劳动力。
Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.
与许多希望在美国永久安家的人一同到来的，还有一些无意留下的人，他们挣一些钱后就回家。
The time needed in making decisions may ____
作决定所需的时间可能____
Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your week’s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.
冲动消费是不可取的，所以要提前规划好一周的菜单，列出购物清单，写明所需食材的确切数量。
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management — especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
一连串事故，包括2007年一座冷却塔的部分坍塌以及地下管道系统泄漏的发现，令人严重质疑佛蒙特扬基核电站的安全性和安特吉公司的管理——尤其是在该公司就管道问题发表误导性声明之后。
Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者作出发现；编辑和审稿人通过掌控发表过程充当把关人；其他科学家利用新发现服务于自己的目的；最终，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这项新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。
efforts to make discoveries are justified.
为作出发现所付出的努力是值得的。
Beavers build dams and birds make nests.
河狸筑坝，鸟儿筑巢。
Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods — paintings, sculpture and architecture — and superfluous experiences — music, literature, religion and philosophy.
人类的独特之处在于，他们不仅能制造工具，还能转而利用工具创造出非生存必需的物质产品——绘画、雕塑和建筑——以及非生存必需的体验——音乐、文学、宗教和哲学。
made
做到（make it 成功）
L.A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ____
洛杉矶联合学区制定这项作业规定，主要是因为贫困学生____
Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.
批评者反对基因专利的主要理由有三：基因是自然的产物，因此不能申请专利；基因专利压制而非奖励创新；专利垄断限制了人们获得像麦利亚德公司那样的基因检测。
For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
因为：“人们创造自己的历史，但是他们并不是随心所欲地创造；并不是在他们自己选定的条件下创造，而是在直接碰到的、既定的、从过去承继下来的条件下创造。”
For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
因为：“人们创造自己的历史，但是他们并不是随心所欲地创造；并不是在他们自己选定的条件下创造，而是在直接碰到的、既定的、从过去承继下来的条件下创造。”
For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
因为：“人们创造自己的历史，但是他们并不是随心所欲地创造；并不是在他们自己选定的条件下创造，而是在直接碰到的、既定的、从过去承继下来的条件下创造。”
They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
他们担心人才流失会损害本国经济，使本国失去急需的技术人才，而这些人本可以在本国大学任教、在本国医院工作，并为本国工厂设计出巧妙的新产品。
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.
随着经济复苏的最初迹象开始显现，副手们可能更愿意在没有退路的情况下跳槽。
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
消费者如今做出购买决定的方式意味着，营销的影响来源于传统付费媒体之外的诸多因素。
Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.
这种被劫持的媒体与赢得媒体恰恰相反：一项资产或一场营销活动沦为消费者、其他利益相关者或活动人士手中的人质，他们会对某个品牌或产品提出负面指控。
Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”
艾伦这本书之所以出名，部分在于书中的这一论点：“环境不能造就一个人，只能展现一个人。”
refusing to make compromises.
拒绝妥协。
The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
这些要求是针对卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利上周的言论提出的。兰斯利坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康的选择，并承诺让企业摆脱公共卫生法规的束缚。
The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
这些要求是针对卫生大臣安德鲁·兰斯利上周的言论提出的。兰斯利坚称政府不能强迫人们做出健康的选择，并承诺让企业摆脱公共卫生法规的束缚。
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.
不过，谷歌和其他大型科技公司都在密切监控自身的能效并加以改进。
vt. 挣得，赚（钱）大纲外19 次
radio listeners could make unexpected gains.
无线电听众可能会有意外的收获。
If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Horn said.
如果那反正是他们的度假屋，而且就那么空着，为什么不能用它赚钱呢？”霍恩说。
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice [profit], you need to find a way to take it to the next level.
这是当今许多创业者都会面临的一个常见情形：你是一家小企业的首席执行官，尽管你赚到了可观的{{1}}，但你需要找到办法让企业更上一层楼。
Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals’ wellbeing.
动物园早就该关闭了，因为它们把赚钱置于动物的福祉之上。
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
荷兰巨头爱思唯尔声称出版了全世界25%的科学论文，去年利润超过9亿英镑；而仅英国的大学在2016年就花费了2.1亿多英镑，让研究人员能够查阅他们自己由公共资金资助的研究；尽管人们为改变这一状况所作的努力越来越孤注一掷，这两个数字似乎仍在势不可挡地上升。
More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
现在，英国一半以上的科学研究都是按开放获取条款发表的：要么从发表之时起就免费提供，要么先付费阅读一年或更长时间，让出版商赚取利润后再公开发布。
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In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.
从某些方面来看，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：劳动力被免费提供，以换取获得地位的希望，而巨额利润则被少数几家经营市场平台的大公司赚走。
allow publishers some room to make money.
给出版商留下了一些赚钱的空间。
It is true that CEO pay has gone up — top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%.
首席执行官的薪酬确实上涨了——顶级首席执行官的薪酬平均可能是普通员工的300倍，而且自20世纪70年代中期以来，据各种不同的估计，美国大型上市公司首席执行官的薪酬上涨了约500%。
The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.
如今，美国顶级公司的典型首席执行官年收入约为1890万美元。
making profits from patients’ data is illegal.
利用患者数据牟利是违法的。
enable students to make big quick money.
让学生快速赚大钱。
At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.
在工作中，人们基本清楚自己应该做什么：工作、赚钱、完成为获得收入而必须做的任务。
The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.
最优秀的律师赚得盆满钵满，吸引越来越多的学生涌入法学院。
There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
行业内部存在要求变革的压力，但监管者中反对变革的人坚持认为，将外人挡在律所之外，能使律师免受只顾赚钱、而不合乎职业道德地为客户服务的压力。
factories are making much less money than before.
工厂的盈利比以前少得多。
Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.
与许多希望在美国永久安家的人一同到来的，还有一些无意留下的人，他们挣一些钱后就回家。
make profits from the troubled economy.
从困境中的经济里牟利。
Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.
由于他们的财富和声誉都是在别处获得的，他们大概有足够的独立性去反对首席执行官的提议。
v. 成为，适合当（某种角色）大纲外2 次
They will make qualified educators.
他们将成为合格的教育者
the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.
在美国成为成功律师的因素。
a. （made-up）编造的，虚构的派生2 次
A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.
巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的首要原因是“读者的错误”，其程度超过了编造的报道或报道中的事实错误。
journalists’ made-up stories.
记者编造的报道。
v. 赶上，及时到达（期限、车次等）大纲外1 次
Instead of saying, “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”
不要说“如果我们把截止日期定在季度末，我们绝对完不成”，而要说“这只是我的看法，但我不知道我们怎样才能赶上那个截止日期”。
a. （man-made）人造的，人工的派生1 次
only man-made products are patentable.
只有人造产品才能申请专利。
义项待标注54 次
Although these efforts were aimed at the nonscience-bound student, they never really made their way into mainstream thought and public discourse as a means to rally widespread support for the importance of science teaching in schools.
尽管这些努力针对的是不打算从事科学的学生，但它们从未真正进入主流思想和公共话语，成为凝聚广泛支持、让人们认识到学校科学教学重要性的手段。
“The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which commissioned the study, said.
委托开展这项研究的皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC）的杰姬·奥汉隆说：“研究表明，演员的工作方式对孩子们使用语言的方式以及他们如何看待自己有很大影响。”
It can be hard for scientists to make the case because our work is complex, often takes place behind closed doors and does not always lend itself to easy interpretation or explanation.
科学家们可能很难为此辩护，因为我们的工作很复杂，往往在幕后进行，而且并不总是易于解读或解释。
Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation?
考虑到制作这些产物的人很少为其长期保存做准备，你是否思考过无形格式——数字信息——的生命周期？
Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first.
有时，先去找老板是有道理的。
It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.
试图追踪自1695年以来跑车价格的变化是荒谬的，但对钉子提出同样的问题却完全合理。
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I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects: their price.
我对这些物品的一个特点——价格——情有独钟，对此我毫无歉意。
make unauthorized use of online images.
未经授权使用网络图像。
Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.
在近四个月的时间里，数十人骑马进入蒙大拿，沿黄石河、绕黄石湖穿行。
Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.
也许最重要的是，这些图像为公园的景观提供了文献证据，这些证据后来送到了政府官员手中。
A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus [exclusively] on finding ways to grow.
增长团队由公司内部不同部门的成员组成，它利用协作的力量，{{3}}专注于寻找增长的途径。
The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers.
后一组人在之后接受相关测试时根本没有努力去回忆这些信息，因为他们知道可以在电脑上找到。
This [perspective] makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, [reducing] it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.
如果你把复杂大脑的运作加以简化，将其归结为一系列电脉冲，那么这种观点就说得通了；植物细胞也通过电信号进行交流。
When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.
当越来越多的人拥有一个学位时，拥有两个学位就是明智之举。
(50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
（50）正如破译密码在争夺西班牙的斗争中具有更广泛的意义一样，他努力沿着晋升阶梯向上攀登的经历也充分反映了英国社会的状况。
make up for
弥补
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture — special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases.
这些鸡蛋如今正以每打高达8美元的价格首次上架，它们仍然贴着有机和动物友好的标签，但它们还来自生活在采用再生农业的农场里的鸡——再生农业是一种培育能够锁住温室气体的肥沃土壤的特殊技术。
About 72% of “unretire” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet.
约72%的“不退休”受访者表示，他们退休后会重返工作以保持头脑健康，而59%的人表示这与维持生计有关。
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth.
总部位于巴尔的摩的理财规划公司Facet Wealth的联合创始人布伦特·韦斯说，不幸的是，许多选择在退休后工作的人之所以准备这样做，是因为他们担心晚年难以维持生计。
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of “Smiling Victorians” makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.
当然，我必须承认，我收集的“微笑的维多利亚人”只占1840年至1900年间所拍摄的大量肖像照中极小的一部分，其中大多数照片里的拍摄对象都在彩绘背景前愁眉苦脸、姿势僵硬，或是茫然地凝视着不远处。
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.
据预测，到2050年全球人口将接近100亿，而且一些地区的农业产量需要几乎翻一番才能跟上步伐，粮食安全日益成为头条新闻。
Instead of saying, “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”
不要说“如果我们把截止日期定在季度末，我们绝对完不成”，而要说“这只是我的看法，但我不知道我们怎样才能赶上那个截止日期”。
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.
而内疚通过促使我们更深入地思考自己的善良，能够鼓励人类弥补过错、修复关系。
Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.
一些同情心较弱的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚来弥补这一不足，而内疚能够约束他们较恶劣的冲动。
Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype…that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.
他说，职业教育类学校“背负着那种刻板印象……认为它是为学业上不成功的孩子准备的”。
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”
为了充分利用我们的专注力和精力，我们还需要接受休息时间，或者如纽波特所建议的那样，“偷偷懒”。
Five Ways to Make Conversation with Anyone
与任何人交谈的五种方法
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
以下是五种简单的方法，让你可以主动迈出第一步，与陌生人开始交谈。
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.
当你第一次见到一个人时，努力找出你和那个人的共同之处，这样你就可以从这一点展开交谈。
Make eye contact.
要有眼神交流。
When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
当你进行眼神交流时，你就能感受到这场交谈。
Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.
这就是能让你与几乎任何人交谈的五种绝妙方法。
make up
编造；组成
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
父母在看邮件，而孩子们则兴奋地试图吸引他们的注意。
It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.
这不一定是坏事，但视学校而定，转专业太晚的话，补修学分的代价可能很高。
“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
他说：“想办法加快这一转型对他们来说是合理的，但如果你直接停掉印刷版，你最忠实的客户会对你非常不满。”
“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.
“但我们也会遇到类似的问题：当市场变化、世界变化时，我们正在做的一些事情会变得不再合理。
The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.”
网上到处都是提供挤时间读书窍门的文章：“别看电视了”或者“随时随身带本书”。
On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.
在状态真正好的日子里，你不再觉得自己是在“挤时间读书”，而只是在读书，并为其他一切事情挤出时间。
On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.
在状态真正好的日子里，你不再觉得自己是在“挤时间读书”，而只是在读书，并为其他一切事情挤出时间。
Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.
它们共同构成了你整体读写素养中的阅读部分，或者说构成了你与周围文本环境之间的关系。
[In fact], these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, [since] human beings thrive off of social connections.
事实上，据报道，与没有交流的通勤相比，这些通勤更令人愉快，这完全合乎情理，因为人类依靠社会联系而兴旺。
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.
但这似乎正是职场用语的讽刺之处：人人都取笑它，可经理们喜欢它，公司依赖它，普通人也心甘情愿地接受它。
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将难以维持生计。
feel that is enough to make ends meet.
觉得兼职足以维持生计。
Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.
遗憾的是，尽管历时两年半才完成，《问题的核心》却始终没有触及问题的核心：我国一流高校中博雅教育的“不博雅”本质。
Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.
也没有任何证据表明，那些自我提升最严重的人（即认为美化程度最高的照片是真实照片的参与者）这样做是为了弥补深层的不安全感。
Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves viscerally — on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.
了解了埃普利的研究结果，就不难理解为什么许多人本能地讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上，他们甚至认不出照片里的人是自己。
In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay.
说到哈米什·富尔顿，你会不由得觉得，这位苏格兰艺术家只是找到了一种让自己对徒步的热爱带来回报的方式。
According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
在本-沙哈尔看来，现实的乐观主义者是那些对发生的事情尽力而为的人，而不是那些相信一切都会朝最好的方向发展的人。
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment — including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line — Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
尽管已有几家快时尚公司努力减少自身对劳工和环境的影响——包括推出绿色“环保自觉”系列的H&M——但克莱因认为，持久的改变只能由顾客来实现。
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog.
在一篇题为《在美国成功》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲了一个来自产棉区的笑话，说明现代纺织厂的自动化程度究竟有多高：如今一家普通的纺织厂只有两名雇员，“一个人和一条狗。
We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.
我们要么称赞他们是未来的美国人，要么给他们打上应被驱逐的外国人的烙印。
Will the European Union make it?
欧盟能挺过去吗？