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- v. 参加比赛未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
v. 扮演（角色），起（作用）大纲外9 次
play the roles in Shakespeare.
扮演莎士比亚作品中的角色。
What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?
18世纪末以后，什么在降低钉子价格方面起了主要作用？
Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role.
他认为，最不能打动人的是理性论证，尽管他的合著者说理性可能发挥了更大的作用。
an emotion can play opposing roles.
一种情绪可能起到截然相反的作用。
Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.
直到最近，它们才认识到森林在储存碳方面必将发挥的重要作用。
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role”.
哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、统计审稿编辑委员会成员乔瓦尼·帕尔米贾尼表示，他预计该委员会将“主要发挥咨询作用”。
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And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up with household tasks.
而对于在外工作的女性来说，她们常常要忙着补做家务。
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.
在2006年的电影版《穿普拉达的女王》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普饰演的米兰达·普里斯特利斥责她其貌不扬的助理，因为后者以为高端时尚与自己无关。
While traditional “paid” media — such as television commercials and print advertisements — still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.
虽然传统的“付费”媒体——如电视广告和平面广告——仍然发挥着重要作用，但如今的公司可以利用许多其他形式的媒体。
v. 玩，做游戏7 次
If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.
如果你以前每天步行3英里，每周打三次18洞高尔夫，或者举10磅哑铃做三组、每组10次，那么现在就把运动量减少到隔天走半英里，或者每周打一次9洞高尔夫、其他日子短距离散步，或者用5磅哑铃做一组10次。
played
玩
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.
在实验中，社交型机器鼠跟着活老鼠四处走动，玩同样的玩具，还会打开笼门让被困的老鼠逃出来。
They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.
它们可能与社交型机器鼠建立了更深的联系，因为它表现出了共同探索和玩耍之类的行为。
It played with some toys.
它玩了一些玩具。
If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods — making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.
如果说政府有什么作用的话，那应该是参与提供公共产品——确保有修建运动场的空间和铺设网球场、无挡板篮球场的资金，并鼓励学校开展所有这些活动。
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Most importantly, it [constantly] modifies and enhances the games you play to [build] on the strengths you are developing — much like a(n) [effective] exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
最重要的是，它会不断调整并加强你所玩的游戏，以巩固你正在培养的优势——这很像一套有效的锻炼计划要求你增加阻力并变换肌肉的使用方式。
n. 剧本7 次
Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.
追求文学造诣的剧本是为学校或宫廷而写，或是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩而写的，不过这些男孩既在宫廷演出，也公开演出。
Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.
追求文学造诣的剧本是为学校或宫廷而写，或是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩而写的，不过这些男孩既在宫廷演出，也公开演出。
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers.
此后二十五年伊丽莎白时代戏剧的发展，对研究文学史的人来说格外有意义，因为在这短短的时期内，我们可以追溯许多种戏剧以及许多伟大事业的开端、成长、繁荣与衰落。
We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.
今天，单是当时创作的剧本数量，以及同时为这座拥有二十万居民的伦敦城写作的剧作家人数，就令我们惊叹不已。
(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
(50) 要认识到当时戏剧活动之盛，我们还必须记住，大量剧本已经失传，而且恐怕没有哪一位知名作家的全部作品都流传了下来。
In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.
在戏剧、小说和叙事诗中，人物是作为作者创造的构建物来说话的，而不一定是作者自身思想的传声筒。
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I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day — they both just pop into my mind in the same way.
我还记得音乐剧《毛发》也在同一天于百老汇首演——这两件事都以同样的方式突然浮现在我的脑海中。
n. 游戏1 次
“Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.
“科技产品的设计就是要把你真正吸进去，”珍妮·拉德斯基在她关于数字游戏的研究中说，“数字产品的存在就是为了最大限度地促进用户投入。
n. 玩耍1 次
It is undoubtedly true that all work and no play really does make Jack, or Jill, dull. The cure is right at hand. Reading is cheap, easy and, most important, it’s fun. Liberate your imagination this year.
毫无疑问，只工作不玩耍确实会让人变得乏味。解药就在手边。阅读便宜、简单，最重要的是，它很有趣。今年就解放你的想象力吧。
义项待标注19 次
Clothing is not just about covering our bodies; it plays a significant role in shaping our self-perception and interactions with others.
衣服不仅仅是用来遮蔽身体的；它在塑造我们的自我认知以及我们与他人的互动方面发挥着重要作用。
Moreover, cultural and societal influences play a significant role in shaping our dress choices.
而且，文化和社会影响在塑造我们的着装选择方面发挥着重要作用。
played a part in the fight against illegal file-sharing.
在打击非法文件共享中发挥了作用。
Thus we play an integral role in identifying, preserving, and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that, while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to ply their trade, they won’t find it an impossible one.
因此，我们在识别、保存数字资料并提供获取途径方面发挥着不可或缺的作用，这样，尽管未来的研究人员可能会发现数字领域是一个充满挑战的工作场所，但他们不会觉得那是一个无法开展工作的地方。
play a bigger role in the health system.
在卫生体系中发挥更大作用。
Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood, smell may well play a part.
虽然非洲象用于远距离导航的线索尚不清楚，但嗅觉很可能在其中发挥了作用。
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The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.
事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。
While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.
虽然圈养的动物值得同情，但动物园在引导年轻人走上相关科学道路方面发挥着重要作用。
Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding “digital deception.”
这些团队中的任何一个或全部都可能在制造或避免“数字欺骗”方面发挥作用。
Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.
进步人士常常支持多元化强制规定，视之为通向平等之路和创造公平竞争环境的方式。
Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”
肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各州谋求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平的环境中竞争”。
Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses.
零售贸易团体对这项裁决表示赞扬，称它为本地企业和网络企业创造了公平的竞争环境。
By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage — where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.
到莎士比亚二十五岁时，黎里、皮尔和格林已经创作出既通俗又具文学性的喜剧；基德写出了一部令正厅后排座无虚席的悲剧；马洛则让诗歌与天才在大众舞台上大放异彩——自欧里庇得斯去世以来，它们在大众舞台上从未发挥过作用。
But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation — and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
但这一说法在艾奥瓦州许多人那里并不受欢迎。在那里，风力涡轮机遍布田野，提供了该州36%的发电量——而且像微软这样的科技巨头正被那里可为其数据中心供电的清洁能源所吸引。
Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.
绝不能允许官员仅仅因为某个人或团体提供了竞选捐款或个人礼物，就在提供信息或安排会面上偏袒他们。
guarantee fair play in official access.
保证接触官员方面的公平。
Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page — including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns — debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
正是因为来自不同历史时期、不同地方、有着不同社会经历的读者，会对纸面上同样的文字产生不同但又相互重叠的解读——包括那些涉及人类根本关切的文本——关于文本的争论才能在有关信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。
Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
驻外分社在报业中起着至关重要的作用。
He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.
他说，薯片和糖果生产商可以在“为生活而改变”运动中发挥核心作用，该运动是政府推动健康饮食和健身工作的重点。