义项分布 · 点义项筛选原句
a. 科学上的51 次
Science education today revolves around the idea of scientific literacy — the base-level knowledge about science that nonscientists require to effectively get on in the world.
当今的科学教育围绕着“科学素养”这一理念展开——即非科学工作者在世界上有效立足所需的基础科学知识。
(46) Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.
(46) 追溯这一术语的历史，我们可以看到科学素养的定义是如何随着时间推移而变化的，这使得确定科学教育的目标变得更加混乱。
And that’s a shame, because there is much to recommend in the idea of scientific literacy as it was originally articulated in 1945, a time when science appeared to be the key to progress and scientists seemingly held the fate of the world in their hands.
这很遗憾，因为1945年最初阐述的科学素养理念有许多可取之处，在那个时代，科学似乎是进步的关键，科学家似乎掌握着世界的命运。
(47) A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
(47) 回归那种版本的科学素养——更注重教授科学是什么以及科学如何运作，而较少注重记忆科学事实——似乎正是当今社会迫切需要的。
(47) A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.
(47) 回归那种版本的科学素养——更注重教授科学是什么以及科学如何运作，而较少注重记忆科学事实——似乎正是当今社会迫切需要的。
(49) It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
(49) 直到20世纪40年代“科学素养”一词出现，科学才拥有了它所需要的强有力的口号，以引起公众的关注，并使改进科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。
展开其余 45 条收起
(50) The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.
(50) 美国对科学素养的高度关注最初源于科学技术在第二次世界大战期间的关键作用，以及人们所察觉到的美国士兵的不足。
In 1967, a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was [gathering] data to analyze changes in sea levels [when] British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken [structures].
1967年，一项针对伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学考察正在{{8}}数据以分析海平面的变化，{{9}}英国海洋学家尼古拉斯·弗莱明首次发现了这些沉没的{{10}}。
It is unarguable that our laboratories, scientific instruments, rockets and satellites — the tools we scientists need to measure the planet’s pulse — demand significant amounts of energy both in their construction and operation.
无可争辩的是，我们的实验室、科学仪器、火箭和卫星——这些我们科学家用来测量地球脉搏的工具——在建造和运行中都需要大量能源。
the rewards of scientific endeavours.
科学努力带来的回报。
In the information era, large data sets, small teams and financial restrictions have slowed scientific process.
在信息时代，庞大的数据集、小规模的团队和资金限制拖慢了科学进程。
You don’t even need any formal training, just an inquisitive mind and the enthusiasm to join one of the thousands of citizen science projects to generate new knowledge and the means to understand a genuine scientific outcome.
你甚至不需要任何正规训练，只需要一颗好奇的心和热情，去加入成千上万个公民科学项目中的一个，以产生新知识，并获得理解真正科学成果的途径。
Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.
布兰奇指出，即便越来越多的官方指南和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识，传达更多偏颇观点的非官方教材却正在被分发给教师。
She denies the value of scientific work.
她否认科学工作的价值。
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.
科学论文是研究进展的记录者。
The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.
科学界通过多种方式衡量这些论文的质量，包括人们认为的期刊质量（以期刊的影响因子来体现）以及某篇论文累积的被引次数。
the status they have in scientific circles.
他们在科学界的地位。
But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.
但这种矛盾既关乎个人，也关乎科学。
will inspire future scientific research.
将激发未来的科学研究
art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations.
艺术能有效促进科学创新
Scientists say the compound is [likely] to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof.
科学家说这种化合物很可能致癌，但并没有确凿的科学证据。
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.
长期以来，科学出版一直是一门稳赚不赔的生意。
Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
其他科学家同样免费从事同行评审这项专门工作，因为这是获得地位和产出科学知识的核心环节。
Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.
科学出版商的经营利润率通常接近40%，而与此同时，出版业的其他部分却正处于生存危机之中。
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
荷兰巨头爱思唯尔声称出版了全世界25%的科学论文，去年利润超过9亿英镑；而仅英国的大学在2016年就花费了2.1亿多英镑，让研究人员能够查阅他们自己由公共资金资助的研究；尽管人们为改变这一状况所作的努力越来越孤注一掷，这两个数字似乎仍在势不可挡地上升。
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.
最激烈、也是完全违法的反应是Sci-Hub的出现。它是一种面向科学论文的全球复印机，创建于2012年，如今声称可以提供2015年以来发表的所有付费文章。
More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
现在，英国一半以上的科学研究都是按开放获取条款发表的：要么从发表之时起就免费提供，要么先付费阅读一年或更长时间，让出版商赚取利润后再公开发布。
In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.
从某些方面来看，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：劳动力被免费提供，以换取获得地位的希望，而巨额利润则被少数几家经营市场平台的大公司赚走。
Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because ____
科学出版被视为“稳赚不赔的生意”，部分原因是____
According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers like Elsevier have ____
根据第2、3段，像爱思唯尔这样的科学出版商____
Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?
下列哪一项是科学出版模式的特点？
During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.
在文艺复兴时期，尼古拉·哥白尼、约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略·伽利雷等伟大思想家展示了科学研究与发现的力量。
Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.
在科学思想与宗教思想高度紧张对立的时期提出这样的理论被斥为异端邪说，任何继续传播这些“谎言”的异教徒都将受到监禁甚至死刑的惩罚。
(49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era — the Age of Reason.
(49) 随着许多人承担起将理性推理和科学哲学融入世界的职责，文艺复兴结束了，一个新的时代——理性时代到来了。
Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.
科学方法、还原论以及对教会理念的质疑都受到鼓励，自由、宽容和进步的思想也是如此。
It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.
直到我开始为医学期刊撰写每周专栏，并开始从头到尾阅读科学论文之后，我才意识到许多医学文献常常有多么糟糕。
This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.
这就是著名的引用指数，即一篇论文在其他科学文献中被引用的次数，其假设是重要论文被引用的次数会多于无足轻重的论文。
Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — it can [lead to] new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such [inquiry] can backfire.
好奇心通常被认为是一种良好的本能——例如，它可以带来新的科学进步——但有时这种探究会适得其反。
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
当被问及是否有特定论文促成了这一变化时，麦克纳特说：“设立‘统计委员会’是出于对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛担忧，也是《科学》杂志提高所发表研究的可重复性这一整体努力的一部分。”
I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says.
我认为，对于如今的大多数科学论文来说，统计审查比专家评审更为重要。”他说。
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
2010年，国会中民主党和共和党的领袖人物致信美国艺术与科学院，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他各方”可以采取哪些行动，以“保持国家在人文社会科学学术和教育方面的卓越地位”。
An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are.
《科学美国人》上的一篇文章指出，实证研究表明，实际上你认为自己比实际更漂亮。
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
在理想化的科学研究图景中，关于世界的事实等待着运用科学方法开展工作的客观研究者去观察和收集。
Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者作出发现；编辑和审稿人通过掌控发表过程充当把关人；其他科学家利用新发现服务于自己的目的；最终，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这项新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。
First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.
第一，科学工作往往聚焦于现有知识中被认为不完整或不正确的某个方面。
has been examined by the scientific community.
经过科学界的检验。
scientific claims will survive challenges.
科学主张经得起质疑。
scientific work calls for a critical mind.
科学工作需要批判性思维。
Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.
新颖性：科学发展的引擎。
Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.
科学发现中的集体审视。
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.
自亚里士多德时代以来，探寻普遍原理一直是科学事业的特征。