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大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。 派生由这个词构成的派生词、合成词的意思。
v. 提出，调整，日落16 次
That day’s high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.
当天约36°C的最高气温比国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪预警阈值低1°C。
Glenn Branch, the center’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.
该中心副主任格伦·布兰奇提醒说，在一个把决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学标准只是一个作用有限的基准。
This leader will [identify] the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the [accomplishment] of these goals.
这位领导者将{{16}}目标领域，设定明确的目标，并为这些目标的{{17}}制定时间表。
They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.
这些规定为通风、能效和供暖设定了新标准，并规定新建住宅必须配备电动汽车充电桩。
He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
他建议即将退休的人应该与理财顾问谈谈，制定长期的财务目标。
Rules need to be set to diversify online services.
需要制定规则使网络服务多样化。
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It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.
给员工设定目标并不难。
Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
设定目标可能而且确实会带来意想不到的负面后果。
This is not an argument against target-setting.
这并不是反对设定目标的论点。
Instead of saying, “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”
不要说“如果我们把截止日期定在季度末，我们绝对完不成”，而要说“这只是我的看法，但我不知道我们怎样才能赶上那个截止日期”。
set
设定
In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，时尚业正努力为模特和时尚形象制定自愿性标准，这些标准更多依靠同行压力来执行。
New standards are being set in Denmark.
丹麦正在制定新的标准。
setting a high age threshold for models.
为模特设定较高的年龄门槛。
USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.
美国鱼类及野生动物管理局还设定了一个阶段性目标：在未来10年内将草原鸡数量恢复到年均6.7万只。
How to Set Reading Goals.
如何设定阅读目标。
n. 一套，一副，装置，接受机12 次
In the information era, large data sets, small teams and financial restrictions have slowed scientific process.
在信息时代，庞大的数据集、小规模的团队和资金限制拖慢了科学进程。
Karla Ortiz, an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion’s data set, has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.
旧金山插画师卡拉·奥尔蒂斯在 Stable Diffusion 的数据集中发现了自己的作品，她一直在努力提高人们对人工智能艺术与版权相关问题的认识。
“It’s an awesome data set,” says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.
“这是一个很棒的数据集，”在宾夕法尼亚大学教授商业伦理、未参与该研究的心理学家尼娜·斯特罗明格说。
If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.
如果你以前每天步行3英里，每周打三次18洞高尔夫，或者举10磅哑铃做三组、每组10次，那么现在就把运动量减少到隔天走半英里，或者每周打一次9洞高尔夫、其他日子短距离散步，或者用5磅哑铃做一组10次。
If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.
如果你以前每天步行3英里，每周打三次18洞高尔夫，或者举10磅哑铃做三组、每组10次，那么现在就把运动量减少到隔天走半英里，或者每周打一次9洞高尔夫、其他日子短距离散步，或者用5磅哑铃做一组10次。
A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular “pearly whites” was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
一口闪亮、健康洁净、整齐的“珍珠白”牙齿在维多利亚时代的社会中十分罕见，是超级富豪的专利（即便如此，牙齿卫生也无法保证）。
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The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems.
高等教育的增长至少表现为三种截然不同的方式，而这些方式又相应地引发了不同的问题。
Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory.
另一组参与者在观看视频片段时，必须从1000开始以9为单位倒数，以此占用他们有意识的工作记忆。
“Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.
明森说：“无论你是政治家还是父母，记住这一点或许会有帮助：如果你试图说服一个与你信念不同的人，努力保持眼神交流可能会适得其反。”
Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
该研究没有只关注GDP，而是衡量了来自健康、教育和公民社会参与等方面的40多套不同标准，以便对各国的表现做出更全面的评估。
The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.
制作实体报纸所需的基础设施——印刷机、送报卡车——不仅昂贵，而且在只做线上的竞争对手没有同样财务负担的当下，显得过于多余。
Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth.
每一种境遇，无论多么糟糕，都提供了一个独特的成长机会。
v. 确定，设定（目标、界限、标准等）大纲外5 次
Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.
像“断网”“离线”“生活窍门”“精力”和“能力”这样的词，都是为了在办公室和家庭之间划定界限。
Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ____
鲍勃·利奥迪斯认为，将DNT设为默认选项____
Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.
诚然，如果每个州都自行制定规则，可能会导致法规东拼西凑，这种担忧不无道理。
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.
在负责制定教育政策的学校董事会调查此事并举行公开听证会期间，这些作业规定应当暂缓执行。
“If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes — by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.
他说：“如果我们真的有魄力，甚至可以开始像对待香烟一样对待高热量快餐——对广告、植入式广告和体育赛事赞助加以严格限制。”
n. （mind-set）心态，思维定式派生3 次
No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
对于沉浸在书中而言，没有比这更糟糕的心态了。
You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.”
你可能会认为这会助长效率心态，但事实上，埃伯利指出，这种仪式化的行为有助于我们“走出时间之流”，进入“灵魂时间”。
encourage the efficiency mind-set.
助长效率心态。
a. 固定的，固执的，不愿改变的大纲外2 次
Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset.
值得庆幸的是，已有迹象表明这种情况正在发生：Z世代正设法从他们的千禧一代前辈身上吸取经验，尽管家长和老师往往仍固守着学位至上的思维。
You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant — £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 — more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus.
你不会经常下馆子，但可以攒点零钱，每隔几个月犒劳自己一次，去一家好餐馆吃顿套餐午饭——每周攒1.75英镑，三个月就有21英镑——足够在米其林星级餐厅Arbutus吃一顿三道菜的午餐了。
v. 放（火），点（火）大纲外1 次
The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.
艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼的历史早在其奠基之前很久就开始了。最早的行政办公楼建于1799年至1820年间。一系列火灾（包括1814年英国人纵的火）和过度拥挤的状况促成了现有财政部大楼的建造。1866年，财政部大楼北翼的建设使得国务院大楼不得不被拆除。
a. （precedent-setting）开创先例的派生1 次
The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.
此案涉及的法律问题并不明朗：虽然最高法院已裁定各州确实对核电拥有一定的监管权，但法学家们表示，佛蒙特案将对这些权力的边界进行一次开创先例的检验。
义项待标注31 次
And just read a single poem. In his Oxford lectures, Seamus Heaney argued that a poem draws a picture of reality, a “glimpsed alternative” that sets up a contradiction with your own, in ways little and large. The negotiation, between you and it, is the heart of the matter. What does the poet see that you don’t? What does the difference mean? It could be one of the best conversations you ever have. Forget self-help books; reading is self-help in action.
再读一首诗就好。谢默斯·希尼在牛津的讲座中提出，一首诗描绘了一幅现实图景，即一种“瞥见的另一种可能”，它在大大小小的方面与你自己的现实形成矛盾。你与诗之间的协商才是问题的核心。诗人看到了什么你没看到的东西？这种差异意味着什么？这可能是你一生中最好的对话之一。忘掉那些自助类书籍吧；阅读本身就是付诸行动的自助。
Nagpur’s plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.
例如，那格浦尔的计划要求医院在夏季预留“降温病房”来治疗中暑病人，并建议建筑商在酷热天气让建筑工人停工休息。
It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.
它树立了尊重州政府权力的良好榜样。
They then set up a “food station” experiment, in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell.
然后他们设置了一个“食物站”实验，让大象仅凭嗅觉做出一系列选择。
Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring
净零排放新规将使新房和扩建费用飙升
New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.
旨在提高能效的新建筑法规将推高新房价格，以及现有房屋扩建和阁楼改造的费用。
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Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life.
千禧一代曾被告知，如果你在学校表现出色、拿到一个像样的学位，你这辈子就有了保障。
set off
出发
set an example for future deals.
为未来的交易树立了榜样。
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.
最激烈、也是完全违法的反应是Sci-Hub的出现。它是一种面向科学论文的全球复印机，创建于2012年，如今声称可以提供2015年以来发表的所有付费文章。
If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
如果这些法案成为法律，州委员会将被要求在2022年前把50%的席位留给女性。
set aside
留出
Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.
在各18次试验中，活老鼠释放社交型机器鼠的可能性平均比释放非社交型机器鼠高出52%。
It set the trapped rats free.
它放出了被困的老鼠。
Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
《混乱：无序改变生活的力量》一书的作者蒂姆·哈福德提到20世纪80年代初的一项研究，该研究把大学生分成两组：一组被建议制定每月的目标和学习活动；另一组则被要求逐日、更加详细地规划活动和目标。
set aside
搁置；留出
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.
每周六早上9点，有超过5万名跑步者出发，绕着当地公园跑5公里。
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.
该基金还将用于补偿留出栖息地的土地所有者。
volunteer to set up an equally big habitat.
自愿建立一个同样大的栖息地。
set an example for other journals.
为其他期刊树立榜样。
The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
当然，诺贝尔奖本身也是由一位非常富有的人设立的，他决定了要如何使用自己的钱。
Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
然而，它的报告掩盖了国会要求其阐明的这一挑战的深度和广度，很可能会阻碍改革。
Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.
然而，大多数考古遗址是由专门去寻找它们的考古学家发现的。这样的搜寻可能要花上数年。英国考古学家霍华德·卡特从其他遗址中发现的信息得知，埃及法老图坦卡蒙的陵墓是存在的。卡特在帝王谷的碎石中筛查了七年，才于1922年找到了这座陵墓。19世纪末，英国考古学家阿瑟·埃文斯爵士搜遍了希腊雅典的古董店。他在寻找一些小型雕刻印章，据认为它们属于公元前15世纪至公元前13世纪统治希腊的古迈锡尼文化。埃文斯对这些雕刻的解读最终使他于1900年在克里特岛上的克诺索斯发现了米诺斯王宫。
While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.
虽然这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎，但我们必须正视这样一个事实：现有的45亿英镑新建经济适用房资助计划将于2015年到期，之后不太可能延期。
That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.
这一点也许看起来相当晦涩，但它为这次展览定下了基调：展览中有大量黑白照片，自然物品则相对较少。
On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.
5月31日，微软引发了这场争论。
First, it is very [expensive] to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the [dominant] form of payment.
首先，要让电子货币成为主导的支付形式，就必须建立计算机、读卡器和电信网络，而这些设施的建设成本非常高昂。
Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely [tied].
我们的法律体系之所以被设计成让法律与政治分离，恰恰是因为二者联系得如此紧密。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.
普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了大量“社会疗法”付诸实践的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“向烟雾宣战”的州政府资助的禁烟项目致力于让吸烟显得不酷。
set in
开始
parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.
父母应在家中保持健康饮食，为孩子树立好榜样。