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a. 社会的121 次
But inventions shape all of us and it is worth noticing when techno-social habits do change, and asking whether to control them a bit or shield the youngest.
但发明塑造着我们所有人，当技术带来的社会习惯确实发生变化时，值得我们留意，并思考是否要对其稍加控制，或者保护好年龄最小的孩子们。
Standing in the shoes of others fine tunes our social understanding, useful as we struggle to understand friends, neighbours, customers and co-workers.
设身处地为他人着想能微调我们的社会理解力，这在我们努力理解朋友、邻居、客户和同事时很有用。
(49) These groups of people are part of a rapidly expanding biotechnological social movement of citizen scientists and professional scientists seeking to take discovery out of institutions and put it into the hands of anyone with the enthusiasm.
(49) 这些群体是一场迅速发展的生物技术社会运动的一部分，这场运动由公民科学家和专业科学家组成，他们力图把科学发现从机构中带出来，交到任何有热情的人手中。
And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.
社会护理的能力也需要提升，以支持越来越多患有长期疾病的人。
Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise — yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.
更重要的是我们生活、工作和社交的场所——然而，目前并没有明确的跨政府战略来改善这些健康的社会决定因素。
lighten the burden on social care.
减轻社会护理的负担。
展开其余 115 条收起
paying due attention to social factors.
对社会因素给予应有的重视。
Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing.
乔杜里说，与人类进化史上的大部分时期相比，如今父母从家庭和社会网络中获得的育儿支持更少，但引入更多的照料者可以减轻压力和母亲的抑郁，这可能会对孩子的健康幸福产生“连锁”益处。
Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.”
乔杜里说，英国应该探讨这样一种可能性：年长的兄弟姐妹帮助父母照顾弟妹，“或许也能促进他们自身的社会性发展。”
To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds, you need social buy-in.
她补充说，要实现如此“巨大的变革”，你需要获得社会的认同。
Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.
这不仅会助长政治和社会动荡，而且正如科伊尔所指出的，还可能阻碍地区经济增长所需的那类人工智能技术的发展。
It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.
在许多社会研究课程中，它也不那么突出。
(46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, music choices, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
(46) 人工智能还可用于识别客户在爱好、喜爱的名人、音乐选择和时尚等方面的生活方式选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独特的内容。
At the same time AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.
同时，人工智能还可用于为社交媒体帖子和聊天网站生成内容。
Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency.
可以收集关于在何处能够吸引客户的数据，如地理位置、所用设备、网站互动和访问过的网站，以便以恰当的形式、按恰当的频率展示营销信息，包括电子邮件、社交媒体帖子、弹窗广告和横幅广告。
explores teenagers’ social responsibilities.
探讨了青少年的社会责任。
care a lot about social recognition.
非常在意社会认可。
Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility.
教育不再是实现社会流动的可靠途径。
the desired route of social mobility.
理想的社会流动途径
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common.
施维茨格贝尔猜测，最大的影响来自社会影响——主持讨论的同学或助教可能分享了自己的素食经历，表明素食是可以做到的或更为普遍的。
Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.
这些社会援助计划被称为有条件现金转移支付（CCT），旨在减少不平等、打破贫困循环。
highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.
突出了社交媒体在维多利亚时代研究中的作用。
They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
它们反映了19世纪的社会习俗。
There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
还有像Acquisio这样的公司，它分析Adwords、必应和社交媒体等多个渠道的广告效果，并就广告资金投向哪里能产生最佳效果作出调整或提出建议。
But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.
但战后，反法西斯战争胜利所带来的巨大社会和政治变革，使欧美经济体对受过中等以上教育的毕业生的需求日益增长。
(47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
(47) 而且，这些社会中兴起的接受高等教育的需求扩展到了战前从未想过上大学的群体和社会阶层。
Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
他们的评分同样准确，这表明了社会信息处理的直觉性。
In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.
从某些方面来看，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：劳动力被免费提供，以换取获得地位的希望，而巨额利润则被少数几家经营市场平台的大公司赚走。
Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
每个人都应努力促进社会公正。
Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.
重大社会问题应成为立法的重点。
This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.
这表明老鼠把社交型机器鼠视为真正的社会性生物。
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way... to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
戴尔·卡耐基在其1936年的著作《人性的弱点》中写道：“只有一种方法……能在争论中占上风——那就是避免争论。”这种对争论的反感很普遍，但它基于一种对争论的错误看法，这种看法给我们的个人生活和社会生活造成了深刻的问题——而且在很多方面根本没有抓住争论的意义所在。
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.
与悲伤、恐惧和愤怒等所谓的基本情绪不同，内疚感出现得稍晚一些，它伴随着儿童对社会和道德规范的逐渐理解而产生。
It is a kind of social glue.
它是一种社会黏合剂。
The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
这意味着千禧一代更希望来自白宫的新闻经由其他渠道过滤，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台发布。
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.
大多数美国人依靠社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。
A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校2014年在澳大利亚、英国和美国开展的一项调查发现，年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使他们更多地参与政治。
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.
社交媒体让用户能够更贴近、更即时地体验新闻事件，同时也允许他们转发新闻，以此投射自己的价值观和兴趣。
About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.
约三分之一的人表示，假新闻的问题在于通过社交媒体“对真实新闻的误读或夸大”。
In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.
换句话说，在社交媒体上分享新闻的选择可能才是问题的核心。
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills — and in their choices on when to share on social media.
因此，当年轻人批评一位过度发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维能力上的一种心智修养——也体现在他们何时在社交媒体上分享的选择上。
people’s preference for social media platforms.
人们对社交媒体平台的偏爱。
social media was a reliable source of news.
社交媒体是可靠的新闻来源。
The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media
社交媒体上相互信任的积累
In a recent study [involving] over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs [on] the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being [exposed] to the virus.
在最近一项{{5}}400多名健康成年人的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和获得拥抱{{6}}参与者在{{7}}病毒后患普通感冒易感性的影响。
People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come [down] with a cold, and the researchers [calculated] that the stress-reducing effects of hugging [explained] about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.
感知到更多社会支持的人患{{8}}感冒的可能性更小，研究人员{{9}}，拥抱的减压作用{{10}}了这一有益效果的约32%。
[Even] among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe [symptoms].
{{11}}在那些得了感冒的人中，感受到更多社会支持、更常得到拥抱的人{{12}}也较轻。
A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.
狄更斯是一位道德家、讽刺作家和社会改革家，他精心构思了复杂的情节和鲜明的人物，描绘出英国社会的全景。
Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.
如今，要求立即上大学的普遍社会压力，再加上在这个快速变化的世界里日益提高的期望，常常使学生完全忽略了间隔年的可能性。
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
它告诉时尚业，必须为自己向女性、尤其是少女传递的信号负责——这种信号关乎她们用来衡量个人价值的社会标尺。
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”
诺贝尔经济学奖得主米尔顿·弗里德曼写道：“企业有且只有一项社会责任，那就是利用其资源，从事旨在增加利润的活动。”
But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.
但即便你接受弗里德曼的前提，认为企业社会责任（CSR）政策是在浪费股东的钱，事情也未必那么泾渭分明。
Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.
此外，我们展现的任何形象都会被领英等社交媒体放大。
Studying this could help [understand] why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major [contributory] factor.
研究这一点有助于理解人类进化为何在过去三万年间加快了步伐，而社会环境是其中一个主要的促成因素。
Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page — including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns — debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
正是因为来自不同历史时期、不同地方、有着不同社会经历的读者，会对纸面上同样的文字产生不同但又相互重叠的解读——包括那些涉及人类根本关切的文本——关于文本的争论才能在有关信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。
Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page — including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns — debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.
正是因为来自不同历史时期、不同地方、有着不同社会经历的读者，会对纸面上同样的文字产生不同但又相互重叠的解读——包括那些涉及人类根本关切的文本——关于文本的争论才能在有关信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥重要作用。
Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.
诸如我们阅读时所处的地点和时代，以及我们的性别、民族、年龄和社会阶层等因素，会促使我们倾向于某些解读，但同时也会遮蔽甚至排除其他解读。
Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
相反，我们是基于所谓文本材料与语境材料之间的互动来赋予文本意义的：即我们在文本形式结构（尤其是其语言结构）中感知到的各种组织或模式，与我们带入文本的各种背景、社会知识、信仰和态度之间的互动。
But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
但其结果是形成了一种新的社会模式，它虽然在许多方面与欧洲社会相似，却具有鲜明的美国特色。
[In fact], these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, [since] human beings thrive off of social connections.
事实上，据报道，与没有交流的通勤相比，这些通勤更令人愉快，这完全合乎情理，因为人类依靠社会联系而兴旺。
This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
根据即将发表在《心理科学》杂志上的一篇论文那令人沮丧的开头，这造成了“一个悖论”：招收第一代大学生，却眼看着他们中的许多人失败，这意味着高等教育“一直在复制并扩大而非缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距。
“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”
“由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层会如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代大学生不明白自己为何举步维艰，也不懂得‘像他们这样的’学生该如何进步。”
social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences.
社会阶层极大地有助于丰富教育经历。
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
美国艺术与科学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得称赞，因为它肯定了人文社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性。
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
2010年，国会中民主党和共和党的领袖人物致信美国艺术与科学院，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他各方”可以采取哪些行动，以“保持国家在人文社会科学学术和教育方面的卓越地位”。
In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.
作为回应，美国艺术与科学院成立了人文与社会科学委员会。
Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.
可悲的是，曾经在校园里根深蒂固的探究精神，已经被利用人文社会科学来宣扬“进步主义”或左翼自由主义宣传的做法所取代。
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others — all obviously statistical impossibilities.
社会心理学家对他们所谓的“高于平均效应”或“虚幻优越感”积累了海量研究，并表明，例如，70%的人认为自己的领导力高于平均水平，93%的人认为自己的驾驶水平高于平均水平，85%的人认为自己在与人相处方面高于平均水平——这些在统计上显然都是不可能的。
According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ____
根据第一段，社会心理学家发现____
The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.
当今技术可能的演变及其社会影响复杂得令人眼花缭乱，也许最好留给科幻作家和未来学家去探索我们所能设想的种种可能。
Technology offers solutions to social problems.
技术为社会问题提供了解决方案。
The social sciences are flourishing.
社会科学正蓬勃发展。
As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia.
截至2005年，全世界各领域的专业社会科学家已近50万人，他们既在学术界内也在学术界外工作。
According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
根据《2010年世界社会科学报告》，自2000年以来，全球社会科学专业学生的人数每年增长约11%。
According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
根据《2010年世界社会科学报告》，自2000年以来，全球社会科学专业学生的人数每年增长约11%。
Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
在这方面，问题同样是社会性的：即食物、财富和繁荣的组织与分配。
To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
套用伟大的社会科学家约瑟夫·熊彼特的话来说：没有创造性破坏，就没有根本性创新。
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
如今，社会科学主要关注学科内部问题和内部学术争论，而不是具有外部影响的话题。
When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example.
即使社会科学家确实着手解决实际问题，其视野也往往局限于本地：例如，比利时主要关注的是贫困对比利时的影响。
Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
抱怨资金不足的社会科学家在当今的经济环境下不应期望得到更多。
The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.
欧盟框架资助计划长期以来一直设有专门针对社会科学家的类别。
This has resulted in protests from social scientists.
这引起了社会科学家的抗议。
But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.
但其用意并不是要忽视社会科学；恰恰相反。
It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
可能我们正在形成两个社会科学家群体：一个以学科为导向，在高度专业化的期刊上发表文章；另一个以问题为导向，在其他地方发表成果，例如政策简报。
However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
然而，这些数字仍然很小：2010年，全球发表的10万篇社会科学论文中，只有约1600篇包含其中一个关键词。
The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
其用意在于促使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别相结合，包括健康与人口变化；粮食安全；海洋研究与生物经济；清洁高效能源；以及包容、创新和安全的社会。
The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
解决办法是改变学术界的思维方式，以及它对自身主要目标的认识。全球性挑战和社会创新应当得到科学家，尤其是年轻科学家更多的关注。
These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
这些问题的根源都在于人类行为：它们都需要行为上的改变和社会创新，也需要技术发展。例如，遏制气候变化既关乎开发清洁能源，也同样关乎改变消费模式和提高人们对税收的接受度。
Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
尽管存在这些因素，许多社会科学家似乎仍不愿着手解决这类问题。而在欧洲，一些人对一项提案表示强烈抗议，该提案要求取消社会科学研究的专门资助类别，将其并入可持续发展的跨领域课题之中。
Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
尽管存在这些因素，许多社会科学家似乎仍不愿着手解决这类问题。而在欧洲，一些人对一项提案表示强烈抗议，该提案要求取消社会科学研究的专门资助类别，将其并入可持续发展的跨领域课题之中。
During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
20世纪90年代末，各国在社会科学和人文学科上的支出占全部研发经费（包括政府、高等教育、非营利机构和企业的经费）的比例从约4%到25%不等；在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。
more social justice.
更多的社会公正。
Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social [concepts] like liberty and property.
宪法具有政治性，因为它源于植根于自由和财产等基本社会观念的选择。
When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it [shapes] is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily [dismissed] as unjust.
当最高法院处理社会政策方面的裁决时，它所塑造的法律不可避免地带有政治性——这就是为什么按意识形态分歧作出的判决如此容易被斥为不公。
But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
但蒂娜·罗森伯格在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中主张，同伴压力也可以通过她所说的“社会疗法”成为一种积极力量：机构和官员借助群体动力的力量，帮助个人改善生活，甚至可能改善世界。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.
普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了大量“社会疗法”付诸实践的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“向烟雾宣战”的州政府资助的禁烟项目致力于让吸烟显得不酷。
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.
但在“社会疗法”的总体有效性上，罗森伯格就不那么有说服力了。
Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.
《加入俱乐部》充斥着太多无关的细节，而对使同伴压力如此强大的社会和生物因素探讨不足。
The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long.
书中所呈现的“社会疗法”最明显的缺陷在于，它的效果难以长久持续。
And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
这正是由外部设计的“社会疗法”的问题所在：在现实世界中，正如在学校里一样，我们坚持自己选择朋友。
a supplement to the social cure.
社会疗法的补充。
an obstacle to social progress.
社会进步的障碍。
adequately probe social and biological factors.
充分探究社会和生物因素。
effectively evade the flaws of the social cure.
有效规避社会疗法的缺陷。
produce a long-lasting social effect.
产生持久的社会效果。
Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者作出发现；编辑和审稿人通过掌控发表过程充当把关人；其他科学家利用新发现服务于自己的目的；最终，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这项新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。
Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.
即使在社交媒体普及之后，生产金字塔依然存在：少数人上传素材，稍多一些的人评论或修改这些内容，而绝大多数人仍满足于单纯消费。
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.
自然科学中的这一倾向在社会科学中也早已显而易见。
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.
正如人类求偶仪式虽然多得令人眼花缭乱，却都可以被视为性选择的形式一样，或许世界上的语言、音乐、社会和宗教习俗乃至历史都受普遍特征的支配。
In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.
在许多方面，美国进入这次衰退时的社会包容度比历史上任何时候都高，而此后各种关于社会冲突的全国性民调结果则好坏参半。
We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.
我们只能拭目以待，看看这段艰难时期究竟会如何重塑我们的社会结构。
As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood.
因此，历史需要认识到每个时代所处的经济现实、社会背景和权力关系。
In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to [hold] a pen either with their teeth — thereby creating an artificial smile — or with their lips, which would produce a(n) [disappointed] expression.
在1988年发表的一项实验中，德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨·斯特拉克让志愿者要么用牙齿咬住一支笔——由此制造出一个假笑——要么用嘴唇含住笔，这会产生一种失望的表情。
Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
例如，社交网络的成员正逐渐认识到，他们可以劫持媒体，向最初创建这些媒体的企业施压。
Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
例如，丰田汽车公司通过一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体应对活动，减轻了今年早些时候召回危机造成的部分损失，其中包括在推特和社交新闻网站Digg等网站上直接与消费者互动。
Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
例如，丰田汽车公司通过一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体应对活动，减轻了今年早些时候召回危机造成的部分损失，其中包括在推特和社交新闻网站Digg等网站上直接与消费者互动。
fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
没有履行社会责任。
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read” — they form a sort of social glue.
他关注的主要是人文学科：文学、语言、哲学等。这些学科正在变得不受欢迎：如今22%的美国大学毕业生主修商科，而主修历史的只有2%，主修英语的只有4%。然而，许多美国一流大学希望本科生打好基础，掌握每一个受过教育的人都应具备的基本思想经典。但大多数大学难以就“通识教育”应该是什么样子达成一致。梅南先生指出，在哈佛，“名著之所以被阅读，是因为它们一直被人阅读”——它们形成了一种社会黏合剂。
Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.
最后，接近法国政府的人士还私下表示，欧元区成员国应同意在财政和社会方面进行一定程度的协调，例如抑制在公司税率或劳动力成本上的竞争。
This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation.
这包括与企业达成一项新的‘责任协议’，它建立在社会责任而非国家监管的基础之上。
a. 交际的42 次
As summarized in a recent post on “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, [relying] on this technology for social presentation can cause harm [such as] body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.
正如最近一篇题为《网络美颜滤镜的潜在危险》的帖子所总结的那样，在社交展示中{{17}}这项技术可能会造成伤害，{{18}}身体形象问题、自尊心降低和社交焦虑。
As summarized in a recent post on “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, [relying] on this technology for social presentation can cause harm [such as] body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.
正如最近一篇题为《网络美颜滤镜的潜在危险》的帖子所总结的那样，在社交展示中{{17}}这项技术可能会造成伤害，{{18}}身体形象问题、自尊心降低和社交焦虑。
adolescents should form healthy social media habits.
青少年应养成健康的社交媒体使用习惯。
Your social life is defined as “the activities you do with other people, for pleasure, when you are not working.”
社交生活被定义为“你在不工作时为了消遣而与他人一起进行的活动”。
It’s important to have a social life, but what’s right for one person won’t be right for another.
拥有社交生活很重要，但适合一个人的未必适合另一个人。
This is why finding a [balance] in your social life is key.
这就是为什么在社交生活中找到{{2}}是关键。
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This might be especially true if, [for example], you are working from home and you are [missing out] on the usual social conversations that happen in an office.
如果，{{6}}，你在家办公，{{7}}办公室里常有的社交交谈，情况可能尤其如此。
There are ways to [regain] a social life, but it can feel overwhelming [at first].
有一些办法可以{{9}}社交生活，但{{10}}可能会让人感到不知所措。
On the other hand, it’s [also] possible to have too much of a social life.
另一方面，社交生活{{14}}可能过多。
If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any [space] in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social [fatigue].
如果你觉得自己总是在忙着做事，日程表上从来没有留给休息的{{15}}，你可能会遭受社交倦怠或社交{{16}}。
If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any [space] in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social [fatigue].
如果你觉得自己总是在忙着做事，日程表上从来没有留给休息的{{15}}，你可能会遭受社交倦怠或社交{{16}}。
We all have our own social limit and it’s important to recognise when you’re feeling like it’s all too much.
我们每个人都有自己的社交限度，重要的是要意识到自己何时觉得一切都太多了。
Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be [signs] of poor social health.
情绪低落、精力不足、易怒和睡眠困难都可能是社交健康不佳的{{17}}。
Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards — winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you.
青少年对社交奖赏尤为敏感——赢得比赛、给新朋友留下好印象、让那个男孩注意到你。
You’ll have to make social media an [occasional] activity rather than a daily, time-consuming [habit].
你得把社交媒体变成偶尔为之的活动，而不是每天耗费时间的习惯。
Their inherent social sensitiveness.
他们与生俱来的社交敏感。
Much of our social life is like that.”
我们的社交生活很大程度上就是这样。”
social skills must be cultivated.
社交技能必须培养。
In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.
在社交场合，与他人进行眼神交流可以表明你在以友好的方式关注对方。
Eye contact can be a friendly social signal.
眼神交流可以是一种友好的社交信号。
Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.
老鼠和其他动物需要对来自同类的社交信号高度敏感，这样它们才能识别出可以合作的朋友和需要躲避的敌人。
To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
为了弄清这种能力是否延伸到非生命体，加州大学圣迭戈分校的拉蕾·奎因和她的同事测试了老鼠能否察觉到来自机器鼠的社交信号。
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social and one asocial — for four days.
他们把八只成年鼠与两种机器鼠——一种善于社交，一种不善社交——饲养在一起，为期四天。
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.
在实验中，社交型机器鼠跟着活老鼠四处走动，玩同样的玩具，还会打开笼门让被困的老鼠逃出来。
Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.
在各18次试验中，活老鼠释放社交型机器鼠的可能性平均比释放非社交型机器鼠高出52%。
This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.
这表明老鼠把社交型机器鼠视为真正的社会性生物。
They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.
它们可能与社交型机器鼠建立了更深的联系，因为它表现出了共同探索和玩耍之类的行为。
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.
考虑到社交型机器鼠的设计如此简单，老鼠们如此乐意与之交朋友令人惊讶。
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots.
这一发现表明老鼠对社交信号有多么敏感，即使这些信号来自简单的机器人。
Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.
同样，儿童往往把机器人当作同类来对待，即使机器人只表现出简单的社交信号。
pick up social signals from non-living rats.
接收来自非生命鼠的社交信号。
It followed the social robot.
它跟随社交型机器鼠。
According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they ____
根据奎因的说法，老鼠释放社交型机器鼠是因为它们____
are more sensitive to social cues than expected.
对社交信号比预想的更敏感。
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home — but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.
加利亚尔多房地产联合公司的房产经纪人格雷格·雅罗谢夫斯基说，他并不认为孩子应该参与选房——但如果可能的话，在离朋友近不近和社交活动方面，应该考虑他们的意见。
notes that aspects like children's friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.
指出购房时应考虑孩子的朋友和社交活动等方面。
What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.
WhatsApp提供给脸书的，是一张由其用户的友谊和社交生活构成的错综复杂、细致入微的网络。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
实验中，母亲先被要求以正常方式与孩子互动，然后摆出一副面无表情的样子，不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意的过程中变得越来越苦恼。
Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) — it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.
这些事情可能是社交的、运动的、创造性的，或者完全随性的（有人想在客厅里跳舞吗？）——这都无所谓，只要它们令人愉快，并且不太可能带来负面影响，比如饮酒过量，或者在手头拮据时疯狂购物。
We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be [misinterpreted] as “weird”.
我们害怕被拒绝，或者害怕自己无心的社交示好会被误解为“怪异”。
[While] seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) [damaging] impact on our professional, social, and personal [wellbeing].
尽管看似无害，这种注意力的丧失却可能对我们的职业、社交和个人幸福造成破坏性影响。
An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits — as well as negative ones — spread through networks of friends via social communication.
越来越多的研究表明，积极的健康习惯——以及消极的习惯——会通过社交沟通在朋友网络中传播。