state简单

Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.

俄亥俄州立大学允许学生在校园中心的椭圆草坪上自由穿行，随后将这些欲望小径铺设成路，形成了一张由学生开辟的高效路线网。

It can be inferred that Ohio State University ____

可以推断，俄亥俄州立大学____

And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,” as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.

正如大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺所指出的，这一裁决“对全美的水质和防洪产生重大影响”。

In Maryland, the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.

在马里兰州，好消息是该州有许多现行法律为湿地提供保护。

The reality is that water, and the pollutants that so often come with it, don’t respect state boundaries.

现实情况是，水以及常常随之而来的污染物并不会遵守州界。

And it’s a reminder that the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.

这也提醒我们，长期以来，环保署参与“切萨皮克湾计划”至关重要，它是摆脱邻近各州财力雄厚的特殊利益集团影响的手段。

And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.

因此，我们呼吁从里士满到奥尔巴尼的各州立法者考虑重新审视本州的湿地保护措施，亲眼看看其中利害之重大。

It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.

它树立了尊重州政府权力的良好榜样。

The author holds that the state lawmakers should ____

作者认为各州立法者应该____

They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.

它们放在美国或其他地方的博物馆里，除了充当猎奇之物外毫无用处。

New AI technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.

新的人工智能技术尤其集中：布鲁金斯学会的马克·穆罗和刘思帆估计，仅15座城市就占据了美国三分之二的人工智能资产和能力。

“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.

“一些州要求医生报告，另一些州允许但不强制报告，还有少数州则认为报告是违反保密义务的行为。

There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,” she counseled.

如果医生不按照州里有关报告和保密的法律行事，可能要承担责任并受到处罚。”她提醒道。

States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data.

各州已开始实施自己的解决方案，以加强对消费者产生的健康数据的保护。

California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.

加利福尼亚州凭借2018年的《加州消费者隐私法》走在了各州隐私保护工作的前列。

Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.

弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和犹他州最近也通过了州一级的消费者数据隐私立法。

has gained legislative support in some states.

在一些州获得了立法支持。

The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.

自最近的极端高温以来，得克萨斯州的天气或许已经转凉，但本月在奥斯汀召开的州教育委员会会议上气氛将会十分火热，因为官员们将辩论得州学校该如何讲授气候变化。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。

Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.

表现最差的10个州中有几个人口最多的州，其中包括得克萨斯州，它得到了最低评级（F），而且由于其教科书在其他地方广泛销售，它具有与其地位不相称的巨大影响力。

Glenn Branch, the center’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.

该中心副主任格伦·布兰奇提醒说，在一个把决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学标准只是一个作用有限的基准。

Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.

他说，即便一个州的科学标准被认为表现出色，“那也不意味着这些内容就会被讲授”。

climate education is insufficient at state public schools.

州立公立学校的气候教育不足。

environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.

一些州的环境教学缺乏监督。

According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ____

根据布兰奇的说法，美国的州级科学标准____

The State Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.

该州议会最近投票否决了一项法案，该法案若获通过，城镇制定限制短期租赁的法规就将成为违法行为。

The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy.

该法案要求每位出租房东在州政府登记，强制他们购买保险，并在一项新的州税之外，为征收地方税开了口子。

The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy.

该法案要求每位出租房东在州政府登记，强制他们购买保险，并在一项新的州税之外，为征收地方税开了口子。

Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine.

宾夕法尼亚州立大学布兰迪万分校农业经济学副教授朱莉·斯坦顿表示，再生产品可能很难推销，因为这个概念很难被快速定义。

Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level.

立法者和监管者正慢慢开始处理围绕暗黑模式的模糊地带，最近的举措是在州一级。

As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community.

随着越来越多的州考虑颁布更多法规，商界内部需要承担更大的责任。

The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

该命令还宣布，州政府和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商。

In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order.

与此同时，法院驳回了FCC阻止各州制定一切网络中立规则的企图，但保留了该委员会优先于（并否决）破坏其命令的个别州法律的权力。

In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order.

与此同时，法院驳回了FCC阻止各州制定一切网络中立规则的企图，但保留了该委员会优先于（并否决）破坏其命令的个别州法律的权力。

has allowed the states to intervene.

允许各州介入。

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.

马萨诸塞州参议员杰森·刘易斯和众议院临时议长帕特里夏·哈达德发起的两项旨在确保各委员会中“性别均等”的法案，就是一个恰当的例子。

Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female.

哈达德和刘易斯担心，州政府一半以上的委员会中女性比例不到40%。

If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

如果这些法案成为法律，州委员会将被要求在2022年前把50%的席位留给女性。

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.

这些法案与加利福尼亚州最近通过的一项措施类似，加州去年成为第一个要求私营公司实行性别配额的州。

pose a threat to the state government.

对州政府构成威胁。

Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a “GAFA tax,” meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon — in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.

许多法国政界人士和媒体将其称为“GAFA税”，意思是该税主要针对谷歌、苹果、脸书和亚马逊等公司——换句话说，就是总部设在美国的跨国科技公司。

But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the United States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.

但它已经引发了重大争议，美国贸易代表已就该税是否歧视美国公司展开调查，而这反过来可能导致对法国的贸易制裁。

Both France and the United States are involved in the organization’s work, but France’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.

法国和美国都参与了该组织的工作，但法国的数字服务税和美国的回应让人们对国际税收体系的前景产生了疑问。

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.

他指出，近几十年来，美国和英国的平均股票持有时间都从七年降到了七个月。

“Ultimately,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”

俄亥俄州立大学教务主任杰克·迈纳说：“最终，我们看到学生取得了更大的成功，因为他们重修了一门课程，在后续课程中表现更好，或者掌握了能让他们按时毕业的内容。”

For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention — so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money.

对公立院校来说，州政府的拨款有时部分取决于它们在毕业率和学生保留率等指标上的表现——因此，更好的成绩可以通过提升这类数据而带来更多资金。

States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.

根据最高法院周四作出的一项裁决，各州将能够迫使更多人在网购时缴纳销售税，这项裁决会让购物者的钱包变瘪，但对各州来说是一场重大的财政胜利。

States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.

根据最高法院周四作出的一项裁决，各州将能够迫使更多人在网购时缴纳销售税，这项裁决会让购物者的钱包变瘪，但对各州来说是一场重大的财政胜利。

The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually.

最高法院周四的意见推翻了两项已有数十年历史的判决，各州称这两项判决每年让它们损失数十亿美元的收入。

The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.

这两项判决使各州更难对某些网购商品征收销售税。

The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state.

被最高法院推翻的判例规定，如果一家企业将顾客购买的商品运往一个它没有仓库或办公室等实体存在的州，该企业就不必为该州代收销售税。

The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state.

被最高法院推翻的判例规定，如果一家企业将顾客购买的商品运往一个它没有仓库或办公室等实体存在的州，该企业就不必为该州代收销售税。

Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.

如果顾客没有被收取销售税，通常要自己向州政府缴纳，但大多数人没有意识到自己欠税，很少有人缴纳。

“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.

他在一份得到另外四位大法官附议的意见书中写道：“实体存在规则一年比一年更加脱离经济现实，并给各州造成了巨大的收入损失。”

Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”

肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各州谋求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平的环境中竞争”。

The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already.

这项裁决对在许多州都有实体存在的大型连锁店来说是一场胜利，因为它们通常已经在对网购商品征收销售税。

Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to.

大型连锁店一直在全国范围内征收销售税，因为无论商品运往哪个州，它们通常都在当地有实体店。

Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.

拥有仓库网络的亚马逊也在每个征收销售税的州收取该税，不过使用该网站的第三方卖家则无须这样做。

Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.

到目前为止，许多只在一个或少数几个州有实体存在的卖家，在向这些州以外的地址发货时都能够避免收取销售税。

Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.

到目前为止，许多只在一个或少数几个州有实体存在的卖家，在向这些州以外的地址发货时都能够避免收取销售税。

Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.

到目前为止，许多只在一个或少数几个州有实体存在的卖家，在向这些州以外的地址发货时都能够避免收取销售税。

Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.

根据周四的裁决，各州可以通过法律，要求州外卖家向顾客收取该州的销售税并上缴给该州。

Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.

根据周四的裁决，各州可以通过法律，要求州外卖家向顾客收取该州的销售税并上缴给该州。

Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.

根据周四的裁决，各州可以通过法律，要求州外卖家向顾客收取该州的销售税并上缴给该州。

Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.

根据周四的裁决，各州可以通过法律，要求州外卖家向顾客收取该州的销售税并上缴给该州。

Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws.

这些零售商在遵守各州不同的销售税法时可能会遇到麻烦。

better businesses’ relations with states.

改善企业与各州的关系。

force some states to cut sales tax.

迫使一些州削减销售税。

were considered unfavorable by states.

被各州认为对其不利。

boosted growth in states’ revenue.

促进了各州收入的增长。

There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

有一种更好的方式来赢得争论。设想你赞成提高我们州的最低工资，而我不赞成。如果你大喊“赞成”，我大喊“反对”，我们谁都学不到任何东西。我们既不理解也不尊重对方，也没有妥协或合作的基础。相反，假设你给出一个合理的论证：全职工人不应该生活在贫困之中。然后我用另一个合理的论证来反驳：更高的最低工资会迫使企业雇用更少的人、缩短雇用时间。这样我们就能理解彼此的立场，并认识到我们共同的价值观，因为我们都关心贫困的工人。

The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.

该州提出的《森林碳计划》旨在加倍努力，在部分林区间伐幼树、清除灌木。

California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 — financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.

加州计划到2020年每年治理3.5万英亩森林，到2030年每年治理6万英亩——资金来自该州排放许可拍卖的收益。

State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation.

各州政府对管理森林早已驾轻就熟，但传统上它们关注的是野生动物、流域和休闲娱乐机会。

During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.

据牛津大学称，在2016年总统竞选期间，在政治上至关重要的密歇根州，推特用户分享的网络内容中近四分之一是假新闻。

A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校2014年在澳大利亚、英国和美国开展的一项调查发现，年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使他们更多地参与政治。

The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power.

这座大楼最初被称为国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪最初25年——美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了与制定和执行国家外交政策关系最为密切的三个行政部门。

The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power.

这座大楼最初被称为国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪最初25年——美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了与制定和执行国家外交政策关系最为密切的三个行政部门。

In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

1869年12月，国会任命了一个委员会，为新的国务院大楼选址，并制定规划和成本预算。该委员会还要考虑为陆军部和海军部作出可能的安排。令一些人震惊的是——他们原本期待在白宫另一侧建起一座与财政部大楼如出一辙的希腊复兴式建筑——阿尔弗雷德·马利特设计的精致的法国第二帝国风格方案被选中，一座容纳全部三个部门的大楼于1871年6月开工建设。

Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood, oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

国务院所在的南翼于1875年竣工，最先投入使用，其中有优雅的四层图书馆（1876年完工）、外交接待室以及用木雕、东方地毯和模板印花墙饰装饰的国务卿办公室。海军部于1879年迁入东翼，那里的部长办公室装饰着精美的墙面与天花板模板印花以及镶嵌地板。

Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

许多最著名的国家人物都参与过在艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼花岗岩墙内发生的历史事件。西奥多·罗斯福和富兰克林·D·罗斯福、威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔、林登·B·约翰逊、杰拉尔德·福特以及乔治·H·W·布什在成为总统之前都曾在这座大楼里办公。这里曾是16位海军部长、21位陆军部长和24位国务卿的办公地。温斯顿·丘吉尔曾走过它的走廊，珍珠港遭轰炸后，日本使节曾在这里与国务卿科德尔·赫尔会面。

Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

许多最著名的国家人物都参与过在艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼花岗岩墙内发生的历史事件。西奥多·罗斯福和富兰克林·D·罗斯福、威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔、林登·B·约翰逊、杰拉尔德·福特以及乔治·H·W·布什在成为总统之前都曾在这座大楼里办公。这里曾是16位海军部长、21位陆军部长和24位国务卿的办公地。温斯顿·丘吉尔曾走过它的走廊，珍珠港遭轰炸后，日本使节曾在这里与国务卿科德尔·赫尔会面。

The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（EEOB）在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产中都占据着独特的地位。它由财政部监督建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，于1871年至1888年间建造，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部日益增多的工作人员，被认为是美国法国第二帝国风格建筑的最佳范例之一。

The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（EEOB）在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产中都占据着独特的地位。它由财政部监督建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，于1871年至1888年间建造，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部日益增多的工作人员，被认为是美国法国第二帝国风格建筑的最佳范例之一。

The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼的历史早在其奠基之前很久就开始了。最早的行政办公楼建于1799年至1820年间。一系列火灾（包括1814年英国人纵的火）和过度拥挤的状况促成了现有财政部大楼的建造。1866年，财政部大楼北翼的建设使得国务院大楼不得不被拆除。

When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

从什么时候起，学生应该能说出美国第13任总统的名字、却对一条断了的自行车链束手无策，竟成了公认的道理？

While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.

在世界其他地区（特别是中国和欧洲）处于领先地位的同时，美国也正在发生显著的转变。

But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation — and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

但这一说法在艾奥瓦州许多人那里并不受欢迎。在那里，风力涡轮机遍布田野，提供了该州36%的发电量——而且像微软这样的科技巨头正被那里可为其数据中心供电的清洁能源所吸引。

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations.

的确，国家参与规划社区体育协会这样一个本质上属于“草根”的概念，多少有些荒唐。

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

来自美国和澳大利亚的研究表明，休过间隔年的学生通常比没有休过的学生对大学准备得更充分，在大学里表现得也更好。

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

火灾生态与管理专家马克斯·莫里茨教授说，尽管日益频繁的野火常被视为西部各州的问题，但由于它对联邦税款的影响，这已成为一个全国性的问题。

severely damaged the ecology of western states.

严重破坏了西部各州的生态。

In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，时尚业正努力为模特和时尚形象制定自愿性标准，这些标准更多依靠同行压力来执行。

But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

但北卡罗来纳州的教育顾问黛博拉·西霍恩说，他们学到的技能——如何有逻辑地思考问题并整理结果——适用于任何编程语言。

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.

生物学家估计，曾有多达200万只小草原鸡——一种生活在广袤草原上的鸟类——为美国中西部和西南部常常灰蒙蒙的景观增添了红色。

In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.

他们尤其呼吁与西部各州政府以及私人土地所有者建立更紧密的合作——西部各州政府常常对联邦的行动感到不安，而私人土地所有者控制着估计95%的草原鸡栖息地。

Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.

该计划由美国鱼类及野生动物管理局与各州协商制定，要求在经营活动中破坏栖息地的个人和企业向一项基金缴款，每破坏一英亩就要用两英亩新的适宜栖息地来补偿。

And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.

它还把监督进展的工作交给了由各州机构组成的联盟——西部鱼类及野生动物机构协会（WAFWA）。

Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.

阿什说，总的来说，这个想法是让“各州在管理该物种方面继续处于主导地位”。

Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.

一些国会议员正试图阻止该计划，至少十几个行业团体、四个州和三个环保团体正在联邦法院对其提出质疑。

Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.

不出所料，行业团体和各州普遍认为它管得太过了，而环保人士则说它做得还不够。

the states.

各州。

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state.

正是这种表面上对政治的超越，解释了君主作为国家元首持续受欢迎的原因。

At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

在托马斯·皮凯蒂等经济学家警告不平等加剧、继承财富的力量日益增强之际，富有的贵族家庭竟然仍是现代民主国家的象征核心，这实在是怪事。

He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service — as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.

他未能明白，君主制之所以基本得以存续，是因为它们提供了一种服务——充当没有争议、不涉政治的国家元首。

Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly ____

在欧洲，君主之所以被保留为国家元首，主要是____

It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

该州辩称，法官们很难评估新兴且快速变化的技术所带来的影响。

(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

(47) 美国是两种主要力量的产物——一是带着各种各样思想、习俗和民族特征的欧洲移民，二是改变了这些特性的新国家所产生的影响。

(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.

(49) 第一批前往今天美国领土的移民乘船横渡大西洋，是在15、16世纪北美探险之后一百多年的事。

Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.

失业是令人痛苦的：你不会满心欢喜、一路蹦跳着去就业中心，为能从慷慨的政府那里让收入翻番而高兴。

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

但在“奥斯本国度”里，你的第一本能就是陷入依赖——如果可以的话，就永久依赖下去——而一个非常乐意纵容你这种虚伪的国家会供养你。

There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

在美国大多数州，成为律师只有一条路：先读一个四年制的不相关专业的本科学位，然后在美国律师协会认可的200所法学院之一攻读三年制法律学位，再花一大笔钱准备律师资格考试。

Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.

合理的主张早就有了，但管理这一行业的州级机构过于保守，一直没有加以实施。

Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?

在美国大多数州，下列哪一项增加了法律教育的费用？

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”

2010年，国会中民主党和共和党的领袖人物致信美国艺术与科学院，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他各方”可以采取哪些行动，以“保持国家在人文社会科学学术和教育方面的卓越地位”。

But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

但在更为重要的宪法问题上，这一裁决以8比0的结果挫败了政府打破联邦政府与各州之间权力平衡的企图。

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

在“亚利桑那州诉美国”一案中，多数法官推翻了亚利桑那州一项颇具争议的计划中四项受到质疑的条款中的三项，该计划旨在让州和地方警察执行联邦移民法。

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

在“亚利桑那州诉美国”一案中，多数法官推翻了亚利桑那州一项颇具争议的计划中四项受到质疑的条款中的三项，该计划旨在让州和地方警察执行联邦移民法。

The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.

只有联邦政府有权“制定统一的归化条例”以及联邦法律优先于州法律，这两项宪法原则是没有争议的。

Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

亚利桑那州曾试图制定与现行联邦政策并行的州政策。

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.

大法官安东尼·肯尼迪与首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨以及最高法院的自由派法官一致裁定，该州过于逼近联邦的权力范围。

That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

这是因为国会一直设想由联邦和州共同执行移民法，并明确鼓励州警员与联邦同行共享信息、相互合作。

That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

这是因为国会一直设想由联邦和州共同执行移民法，并明确鼓励州警员与联邦同行共享信息、相互合作。

The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

唯一的重大反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚，他追溯至《外侨与煽动叛乱法》，为州的特权进行了更为有力的辩护。

The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.

白宫辩称，即使州法律完全遵守联邦法规，亚利桑那州的法律也与其执法优先事项相冲突。

In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

实际上，白宫是在声称它可以宣布任何它不认同的、本属合法的州法律无效。

But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.

但如果国会想阻止各州利用自身资源核查移民身份，它本可以这样做。

The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

政府实质上是在宣称，因为它自己不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以也不应允许任何州这样做。

disturbed the power balance between different states

扰乱了各州之间的权力平衡

contradicted both the federal and state policies

与联邦和州的政策都相矛盾

States’ independence from federal immigration law.

各州不受联邦移民法的约束。

States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

各州在移民执法中的合法作用。

undermined the states’ interests

损害了各州的利益

stood in favor of the states

维护各州的立场

outweighs that held by the states

高于各州所拥有的执法权

is dependent on the states’ support

依赖于各州的支持

rarely goes against state laws

很少与州法律相抵触

Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.

与许多希望在美国永久安家的人一同到来的，还有一些无意留下的人，他们挣一些钱后就回家。

We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.

我们需要让他们把美国想象成这样一个地方：他们可以在这里有所作为一段时间，而不必承诺永远留下。

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.

普利策奖得主罗森伯格列举了大量“社会疗法”付诸实践的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“向烟雾宣战”的州政府资助的禁烟项目致力于让吸烟显得不酷。

Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.

州政府的资金一被削减，“向烟雾宣战”项目就失败了。

illustrate the functions of state funding.

阐明州政府资助的作用。

The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.

这家公司是新英格兰地区的主要能源供应商，上周它宣布将违背遵守佛蒙特州严格核能法规的长期承诺，在该州激起了理所当然的愤慨。

As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.

作为获得州政府批准这笔交易的条件，该公司同意，若要在2012年之后继续运营，须征得州监管机构的许可。

As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.

作为获得州政府批准这笔交易的条件，该公司同意，若要在2012年之后继续运营，须征得州监管机构的许可。

In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval.

2006年，该州更进一步，要求核电站执照的任何延期都须经佛蒙特州议会批准。

The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.

此案涉及的法律问题并不明朗：虽然最高法院已裁定各州确实对核电拥有一定的监管权，但法学家们表示，佛蒙特案将对这些权力的边界进行一次开创先例的检验。

Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.

诚然，如果每个州都自行制定规则，可能会导致法规东拼西凑，这种担忧不无道理。

The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state.

该公司似乎认定自己在佛蒙特州的声誉已经受损严重，即使与该州开战也没什么可再失去的了。

Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth.

安特吉公司在美国还经营着另外11座反应堆，其中包括普利茅斯的朝圣者核电站。

the nature of states' patchwork regulations.

各州东拼西凑的法规的性质。

the limits of states' power over nuclear issues.

各州对核问题权力的界限。

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.

在州一级，他们的影响力可能更加惊人。

Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state's budget is patrolled by unions.

加州公共政策研究所的马克·巴尔达萨雷指出，该州预算的很大一部分都在工会的监控之下。

In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one.

在许多富裕国家，国有部门的平均工资高于私营部门。

It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is ____

从第四段可以得知，国有部门的收入____

The United States has [never] had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.

美国从来没有过叫乔的总统、副总统或国务卿。

The United States has [never] had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.

美国从来没有过叫乔的总统、副总统或国务卿。

Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?

有些学生可能不完成作业也能在州统考中考得好，但那些考得好而且也做了作业的学生又怎么说呢？

undermine the authority of state tests.

削弱州统考的权威。

Should the state subsidize them?

政府应该补贴它们吗？

failed to get state subsidies.

未能获得政府补贴。

The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools.

“少即是多”这一说法实际上最早是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗推广开来的；他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移居美国，并在美国的建筑院校任职。

This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation.

这包括与企业达成一项新的‘责任协议’，它建立在社会责任而非国家监管的基础之上。

“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.

“随时随身带本书”实际上也能奏效——只要你足够频繁地翻阅，使阅读成为一种默认状态，你只是暂时从中浮出水面处理事务，然后再沉回去。

The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.

可供选择的商品数量之多，足以让购物者陷入信息过载的状态。

One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.

其中一种冲动与在动荡之中营造一种平静状态有关，借用T. S. 艾略特的话来说，就是“旋转世界中的静止点”。

Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.

镇定是一种心理状态，它通过构建一个人与其环境的关系而得以实现。

He’s feeling positive, but he’ll carry on blogging — not about eating as cheaply as you can — “there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food” — but eating well on a budget.

他感觉很乐观，但他会继续写博客——写的不是如何吃得尽可能便宜——“有那么多人处境比我糟糕得多，几乎没钱买吃的”——而是如何在有限的预算内吃得好。

Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of [physical] feedback that improve an individual's emotional state.

无论如何，笑这一行为很可能确实会产生其他类型的生理反馈，从而改善一个人的情绪状态。