write简单

Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

在整个旅途中，杰克逊使用“火棉胶工艺”同时摆弄多台相机和多种尺寸的底片，这种工艺要求他先给底片涂上一层化学混合物，然后曝光，再用便携式暗室冲洗出影像。这种简陋的技术需要凭经验推测曝光时间，而且所用设备笨重难使——需要好几个人协助搬运。尽管困难重重，杰克逊还是拍下了几十张引人注目的照片，从他那张如今已闻名于世的老忠实泉快照这样的壮丽画面，到营地里考察队员的随意肖像，不一而足。以往考察的老手们曾长篇累牍地描写沿途的壮丽景色，而这些生动的照片则完全是另一回事。

Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it [differs] so greatly from that of animals that so-called [evidence] of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.

作者写道，植物生物学复杂而迷人，但它与动物生物学差异如此之大，以至于所谓植物具有智能的证据并不确凿。

I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

我很想读到更多相关内容，却惊讶地发现，欧曼1914年出版的这篇附录是唯一一篇经过深思熟虑写就的关于这场秘密战争的文字。

[If], like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not [easy] to find the time to write.

如果你像如今大多数作家一样，为了支付账单而保住一份工作，那么要找到写作的时间并不容易。

[Remember] that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living.

要记住，大多数畅销书作家都是在靠做其他事情谋生时开始写作的。

Depending on your [interests] and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write [while] they listen to music.

根据你的兴趣和生活方式，这可能意味着少花时间看电视或听音乐，尽管有些人可以一边听音乐一边写作。

Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

艾丽斯·李在《新共和》上撰文指出，增加董事会成员的机会，却没有扩大能够在这些董事会任职的合格女性人才库，导致了“金裙”现象，即同一批精英女性在多个董事会中揽下多个席位。

In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way... to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

戴尔·卡耐基在其1936年的著作《人性的弱点》中写道：“只有一种方法……能在争论中占上风——那就是避免争论。”这种对争论的反感很普遍，但它基于一种对争论的错误看法，这种看法给我们的个人生活和社会生活造成了深刻的问题——而且在很多方面根本没有抓住争论的意义所在。

It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.

直到我开始为医学期刊撰写每周专栏，并开始从头到尾阅读科学论文之后，我才意识到许多医学文献常常有多么糟糕。

How many times have I heard people say, "I could write a book.

我有多少次听到人们说：“我也能写本书。

While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading.

虽然他显然天赋过人，但他最终呈现给世人的精雕细琢的作品，是多年练习、反复改写和阅读的结果。

These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.

这些新形式起初主要由学者创作、由业余演员表演，但在英国，正如在西欧其他各地一样，职业演员阶层的壮大正使戏剧趋于大众化，无论它是新是旧，是古典的还是中世纪的，是文学性的还是闹剧性的。

Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.

追求文学造诣的剧本是为学校或宫廷而写，或是为圣保罗大教堂和皇家礼拜堂的唱诗班男孩而写的，不过这些男孩既在宫廷演出，也公开演出。

By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage — where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.

到莎士比亚二十五岁时，黎里、皮尔和格林已经创作出既通俗又具文学性的喜剧；基德写出了一部令正厅后排座无虚席的悲剧；马洛则让诗歌与天才在大众舞台上大放异彩——自欧里庇得斯去世以来，它们在大众舞台上从未发挥过作用。

We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.

今天，单是当时创作的剧本数量，以及同时为这座拥有二十万居民的伦敦城写作的剧作家人数，就令我们惊叹不已。

Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.

《博兹随笔》问世后不久，一家出版公司找到狄更斯，请他按月分期创作一个故事，作为当时著名画家罗伯特·西摩一系列木刻画的背景故事，而这个故事的构想最初正是出自西摩。狄更斯以他特有的自信，成功地坚持让西摩的画反过来为他自己的故事配图。第一期刊出后，狄更斯写信给这位画家，要求他修改一幅狄更斯认为不够忠实于其文字的插图。西摩改了画，走进自家后院，以自杀的方式表达了他的不满。狄更斯和他的出版商干脆换了一位新画家继续推进。这部喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》于1836年和1837年连载，并于1837年首次以书籍形式出版。

The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”

小说家兼评论家蒂姆·帕克斯写道，现代人的头脑“极其倾向于交流……不只是人会被打断，而是人实际上就倾向于被打断。”

“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”

加里·埃伯利在他的《神圣时间》一书中写道：“未来像一个个空瓶子沿着一条无法停止、几乎无限长的传送带向我们涌来”，并且“我们感到一种压力，要在这些大小不一的瓶子（日、时、分）经过时将其装满，因为如果它们未被装满就溜走了，我们就浪费了它们。”

“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial.

“读者必须对我们杂志上发表的结论有信心。”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。

Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.

他在2012年写道，研究人员应该提高自身标准，但期刊也应采取更强硬的立场，“聘请精通统计的审稿人和能够核实流程的编辑”。

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.

编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是促进读者理解，不是公正地报道，也不是展现任何共同的人性。

Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write.

他们写道，许多第一代大学生“难以适应高等教育中的中产阶级文化，难以学会‘游戏规则’，也难以利用大学资源”。

Pyle was famous for covering the [human] side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were [gained] or what towns were captured or liberated.

派尔以报道战争中人性的一面而闻名，他书写的是在泥土、雪地和泥泞中摸爬滚打的士兵，而不是攻占了多少英里土地，或是哪些城镇被攻克、被解放。

“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.

“世界历史，即人类在这个世界上所成就之事的历史，归根结底是在此奋斗过的伟人的历史。”维多利亚时代的哲人托马斯·卡莱尔如是写道。

By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers.

相比之下，维多利亚时代的作家塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯写了《自助》一书，记录了工程师、实业家和探险家们可敬的人生。

“The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working, and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit,” wrote Smiles, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.”

斯迈尔斯写道：“他们提供了宝贵的榜样，展现了自助、坚忍的目标、坚定的工作和不渝的正直所具有的力量，并由此塑造出真正高尚而有男子气概的品格；这些榜样表明，每个人都有能力为自己成就什么。”

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto.

马克思和恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中写道：“至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。”

Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

尽管养育孩子的日常经历可能艰辛得令人心力交瘁，但西尼尔写道：“正是那些当下令我们情绪低落的事情，日后可能成为强烈满足和喜悦的源泉。”

“Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote.

“这种叙事可能导致母亲精疲力竭，并带来危险的后果，”他们写道。

“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,” Menke wrote.

门克写道：“美国医学会建议医生，如果有明确证据表明病人驾驶能力严重受损、对病人和公众安全构成严重威胁，而医生停止驾驶的建议又被置之不理，那么通知机动车管理部门是可取的，也是合乎职业道德的。”

“No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time,” Rexford wrote in an email.

雷克斯福德在一封电子邮件中写道：“没有哪所大学会期望一个学生拥有一长串课外活动，而且每一项都长期热情投入。”

“For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,” Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.

禅意招生咨询公司创始人奥利维亚·巴尔德斯在一封电子邮件中写道：“例如，一个对创业感兴趣的学生可以通过创办一家盈利的小企业来展示自己的能力和潜力。”

“Again, since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?,’ having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage,” he wrote in an email.

他在一封电子邮件中写道：“再说一次，既然高中毕业班学生必须考虑的一大问题是‘是什么让你与众不同？’，那么拥有一项不常见的课外活动，相对于常规活动而言，就是一种优势。”

“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, where having top grades and test scores is not enough,” Katie Kelley, admissions counselor at IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.

IvyWise招生咨询公司的招生顾问凯蒂·凯利在一封电子邮件中写道：“在某一类专注的课外活动中出类拔萃，在录取过程中可能是一个加分项，尤其是对于录取极其严格的院校，在那里光有顶尖的成绩和考试分数是不够的。”

There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons.

例如，心理学家克里斯托弗·查布里斯和丹尼尔·J. 西蒙斯写道，没有实验证据表明互联网会干扰我们的专注能力。

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write.

没有人确切知道诗歌起源于何时，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人类会书写之前就已存在。

It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.

诗歌与歌曲密切相关，即使是写下来的诗歌，通常也是为了大声吟诵而创作的。

Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating.

关键的是，另一组参与者被要求在打分前花一分钟写下他们做出判断的理由。

Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed.

大法官安东尼·肯尼迪写道，之前的判决存在缺陷。

“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.

他在一份得到另外四位大法官附议的意见书中写道：“实体存在规则一年比一年更加脱离经济现实，并给各州造成了巨大的收入损失。”

Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”

肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各州谋求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平的环境中竞争”。

Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

一旦写进日程表，我就会像对待医生预约或重要会议那样保护这段时间。”他写道。

“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897.

“古代夏威夷人都是天文学家，”夏威夷最后一位在位君主利留卡拉尼女王在1897年写道。

“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”

首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨代表法院写道：“代议制政府赖以存在的基本契约，是假定公职人员会倾听选民的意见，并针对他们关心的问题采取行动。”

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”

诺贝尔经济学奖得主米尔顿·弗里德曼写道：“企业有且只有一项社会责任，那就是利用其资源，从事旨在增加利润的活动。”

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.

研究人员之一萨拉·达马斯克写道：“我们发现，无论女性还是男性，在工作中的压力水平都低于在家时，这进一步颠覆了传统观念。”

“Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

“好哇！终于等到了！”一向严肃的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托马西尼写道。