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大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
prep. 在..四周（或附近）29 次
These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities.
这些火是经过精心规划的，并在天气条件使火势易于控制的时期有意点燃，它们帮助清除了这座重要公园的设施周围积聚的部分可燃物。
But for the most part, this isn’t what the business community does. I have yet to meet a chief executive who reads regularly. Many skip newspapers, and magazines are a stretch. They don’t have time, they say. It’s inefficient; they can get the information they need from those around them. At a pinch, they might pick up a business book before a long flight, in the hope that, like a cookbook, it will provide a foolproof recipe. Some are drawn to what I think of as “business car crash” books — the stories of Theranos, Purdue, or WeWork. But outside those narrow pools of interest, a vast ocean awaits, bountiful with simmering ideas, mental adventure and imaginative refreshment.
但在大多数情况下，商界人士并不这样做。我还从未见过一位经常阅读的首席执行官。许多人不看报纸，杂志对他们来说也很勉强。他们说自己没有时间。阅读效率太低；他们可以从身边的人那里获得所需的信息。实在不得已时，他们可能会在长途飞行前拿起一本商业书籍，希望它能像食谱一样提供万无一失的秘诀。有些人被我所说的“商业车祸”类书籍所吸引——比如Theranos、普渡或WeWork的故事。但在这些狭小的兴趣池之外，一片浩瀚的海洋正等待着你，那里满是酝酿中的思想、心灵的冒险和想象力的焕新。
And it is equally true that science’s unrelenting appetite for information has caused a mushrooming of energy-intensive data centres around the world.
同样确凿的是，科学对信息永无止境的渴求导致高能耗的数据中心在全世界迅速涌现。
The rise of citizen science has grown alongside the rise of do-it-yourself biology laboratories around the world.
公民科学的兴起与世界各地自助式生物实验室的兴起同步发展。
Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.
这类辩论反映出美国乃至全世界正在进行的激烈讨论，因为研究人员、政策制定者、教师和学生都在加紧要求学校更加重视讲授有关气候变化的事实。
Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.
在近四个月的时间里，数十人骑马进入蒙大拿，沿黄石河、绕黄石湖穿行。
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The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.
这些公园还帮助让美国的历史鲜活地延续下去，它们与全国数以千计的地方辖区合作，保护包括埃利斯岛和葛底斯堡在内的历史遗址，并让这些地方的故事重现生机。
Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood.
在附近散步时和朋友打电话聊天。
One study found that muscle loss and the [accumulation] of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.
一项研究发现，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪的{{4}}与流体智力的下降有关。
Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.
哥白尼在1543年提出理论，认为事实上我们所知道的所有行星都不是绕地球而是绕太阳运转，这一体系后来被伽利略不惜付出个人代价加以维护。
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try to stay tight-lipped around them.
如果你对工作场所的某个人有意见，你可能会在他们身边尽量守口如瓶。
But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.
但除了那些值得信赖的同事之外，你还应该拓宽视野，去了解你身边的所有人。
The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
向可再生能源的转变正在全球范围内加速：它们目前占新投入使用电力来源的一半以上。
The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.
三十米望远镜的选址是为了尽量减少望远镜在岛上各处的可见度，并避免对考古和环境造成影响。
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.
预计全球和英国的经济增长将受到严重打击，这可能导致我们赖以获得福祉和增长的日常服务水平下降。
Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
父亲出狱后不久，狄更斯在律师事务所找到了一份更好的差事——当跑腿的。他自学速记，后来得到了更好的工作，担任法庭速记员和议会记者。与此同时，狄更斯以记者的眼光记录身边的生活，尤其是任何滑稽或古怪的事情，并向一些不知名的杂志投寄短篇随笔。
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.
每周六早上9点，有超过5万名跑步者出发，绕着当地公园跑5公里。
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, [tying] cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and [passing] a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the [union].
仪式的部分环节包括象征性的剪发、将浸过圣水的棉线系在新娘和新郎的手腕上，以及在一圈婚姻幸福、受人尊敬的夫妇之间传递蜡烛，以祝福这桩婚姻。
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, [tying] cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and [passing] a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the [union].
仪式的部分环节包括象征性的剪发、将浸过圣水的棉线系在新娘和新郎的手腕上，以及在一圈婚姻幸福、受人尊敬的夫妇之间传递蜡烛，以祝福这桩婚姻。
The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
最高法院现在将审议：在逮捕过程中，如果手机就在被捕者身上或身边，警方能否在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机内容。
Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a [signal] on a subway.
我们周围的每个人似乎都认同这一点，从他们紧抓手机不放的样子就能看出来，即使在地铁上没有信号时也是如此。
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession — with the possible exception of journalism.
在世界各地，律师招致的敌意比其他任何职业的从业者都多——或许新闻业除外。
Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.
勘测的范围可以是单个大型聚居地，也可以是整片地域。在一个案例中，许多在洪都拉斯古玛雅城市科潘周边工作的研究人员，借助航拍照片和徒步勘测，找到了数百个小村落和独立住所。由此绘制的聚落地图显示，从公元500年到科潘衰亡的850年间，该城周边农村人口的分布和密度发生了巨大变化。
Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.
勘测的范围可以是单个大型聚居地，也可以是整片地域。在一个案例中，许多在洪都拉斯古玛雅城市科潘周边工作的研究人员，借助航拍照片和徒步勘测，找到了数百个小村落和独立住所。由此绘制的聚落地图显示，从公元500年到科潘衰亡的850年间，该城周边农村人口的分布和密度发生了巨大变化。
Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。
Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.
然而，感觉良好与为他人花钱之间的联系在世界各地的富人和穷人身上都能看到，而且对大多数人来说，稀缺会增强大多数事物带来的愉悦。
For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
H&M要在其全球2300多家门店里出售一条5.95美元的针织迷你裙，就必须依赖低工资的海外劳动力，以让自然资源不堪重负的规模下订单，并使用大量有害化学品。
He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals — areas within which takeaways cannot open.
他还敦促地方政府在学校和医院周围设立“无快餐区”——在这些区域内不得开设外卖店。
To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers.
因此，为了快速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌必须在世界各地维护大量装满高性能计算机的数据中心。
ad. 大约，左右大纲外17 次
Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.
如今，研究人员利用200多头驴的基因组，将驴的驯化追溯到大约7000年前发生在东非的一次单一事件——比人类驯服马早了约3000年。
According to our research, around one in five workers in the UK talk to AI like a friend, looking for guidance on personal and professional problems.
根据我们的研究，英国约有五分之一的员工像对待朋友一样与人工智能交谈，就个人和工作问题寻求指导。
They have their reasons — around 63% of them report that using AI increases their productivity, and some even feel AI offers more help than their human colleagues.
他们有自己的理由——约63%的人表示使用人工智能提高了他们的工作效率，有些人甚至觉得人工智能比人类同事提供的帮助更多。
Located in the southern Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C.
帕夫洛彼特里（该遗址的现代名称）位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛南部，大约在公元前3500年作为一个新石器时代的定居点出现。
There are around 40 official do-it-yourself biology centres across the globe in locations including Paris, London, Sydney, and Tel Aviv.
全球约有40个官方认可的自助式生物中心，分布在巴黎、伦敦、悉尼和特拉维夫等地。
The amounts have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today.
小费比例已从1950年代的10%或更低，升至2000年前后的15%，再到如今的20%或更高。
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According to the website Lexica, which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion, Rutkowski’s name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.
据追踪了 Stable Diffusion 生成的一千多万张图像及其提示词的网站 Lexica 统计，鲁特科夫斯基的名字已被用作提示词约 93,000 次。
While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.
苏格兰约四分之三的住宅是用苏格兰木材建造的，而英格兰本土木材的使用率只有25%左右。
While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.
苏格兰约四分之三的住宅是用苏格兰木材建造的，而英格兰本土木材的使用率只有25%左右。
It is [believed] that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, [although] only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in [ruins].
据信丝绸之路沿线曾修建约12,000至15,000座商队客栈，尽管如今已知仅存约3,000座，而且其中许多已成废墟。
“An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”
“由于新规，一次普通的扩建可能会增加大约3000英镑的费用。”
These range from around £500 to $5,000.
这些费用从约500英镑到5000美元不等。
Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
大约从2012年开始，这种签证的申请数量急剧上升；从2011年到2016年，签发的签证数量增加了一倍多。
In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
在另一个案例中，美国考古学家勒内·米利翁和乔治·考吉尔花了数年时间，系统地绘制了墨西哥谷地中特奥蒂瓦坎全城的地图，该城位于今墨西哥城附近。在公元600年前后的鼎盛时期，这座城市是世界上最大的人类聚居地之一。研究人员不仅绘制了该城宏大华丽的礼仪区域，还绘制了数百处普通百姓居住的较简陋的公寓建筑群。
During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
20世纪90年代末，各国在社会科学和人文学科上的支出占全部研发经费（包括政府、高等教育、非营利机构和企业的经费）的比例从约4%到25%不等；在大多数欧洲国家，这一比例约为15%。
A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.
2004年一项针对印度家庭的大型调查发现，近40%的移民受过高中以上教育，而在所有25岁以上的印度人中，这一比例约为3.3%。
In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses — usually around 1,200 square feet — than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
20世纪30年代，弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特开始建造更朴素、更实用的房屋——通常约1200平方英尺——与他在19世纪90年代和20世纪初设计的那些铺展开来的两层楼房相比更为简约。
ad. 在...周围，到处15 次
carrying infants around by their parents.
由父母带着婴儿四处走动。
If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.
如果你正前往离你最近的水石书店（英国最大的图书零售商）分店，寻找苏塞克斯公爵夫人的新童书《长椅》，你可能得做好四处翻找一番的准备；比尔·克林顿和詹姆斯·帕特森合著的新惊悚小说《总统的女儿》或许也是如此。
He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets — which meant they had to be durable.
他希望观众在地毯上走来走去——这意味着这些地毯必须经久耐用。
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports.
尽管伦理课在世界各地都很常见，但科学家们并不确定这些课程能否真正改变人的行为；无论支持还是反对，证据都很薄弱，要么依赖人为设计的实验室测试，要么依赖有时并不可靠的自我报告。
The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourful markings.
这些机器鼠的设计相当简单，看起来像是一个更厚实的电脑鼠标，装有用来四处移动的轮子，并带有彩色标记。
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.
在实验中，社交型机器鼠跟着活老鼠四处走动，玩同样的玩具，还会打开笼门让被困的老鼠逃出来。
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It moved around alone.
它独自四处移动。
around
四处
around
四处
Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) — it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.
这些事情可能是社交的、运动的、创造性的，或者完全随性的（有人想在客厅里跳舞吗？）——这都无所谓，只要它们令人愉快，并且不太可能带来负面影响，比如饮酒过量，或者在手头拮据时疯狂购物。
Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.
享受周围世界的美好，睁大眼睛去发现眼前的种种可能。
around
四处
We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
我们昂首阔步，自以为了不起。
around
（流传）在周围
Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
环顾四周，人们对女孩的生活和兴趣如此缺乏想象力，令我感到绝望。
prep. 关于，围绕大纲外9 次
Karla Ortiz, an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion’s data set, has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.
旧金山插画师卡拉·奥尔蒂斯在 Stable Diffusion 的数据集中发现了自己的作品，她一直在努力提高人们对人工智能艺术与版权相关问题的认识。
While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
尽管联邦贸易委员会正在尽其所能，确保应用程序在处理消费者敏感健康信息方面信守对消费者的承诺，但这些健康应用涌入市场的速度表明，这是一个多么巨大的挑战。
There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.
人们已经围绕人工智能在数字营销中的应用进行了一些探索。
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was [coined] around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be [compared] to intelligence in animals.
植物具有某种程度意识的观点最早在21世纪初生根；“植物神经生物学”这一术语正是围绕这样一种观念而创造的：植物行为的某些方面可以与动物的智能相比拟。
The founders deliberately focused their projects around light — hence the “visual studies” in the name.
创始人有意将他们的项目聚焦于光——这就是名称中“视觉研究”的由来。
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level.
立法者和监管者正慢慢开始处理围绕暗黑模式的模糊地带，最近的举措是在州一级。
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While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
当有关环境以及我们对环境之责任的讨论仍然集中在购物袋和吸管上时，我们就忽视了权力的平衡；这种讨论暗示，我们必须作为“消费者”可持续地购物，而不是作为“公民”要求政府和产业承担责任，推动真正的系统性变革。
The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.
围绕该法案逐渐形成的共识表明，立法者开始担心美国邮政署在短期内崩溃，从而在政治上令他们难堪。
At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area.
在最好的状态下，欧洲一体化计划是非常开放自由的：它以由27个富国和穷国组成的单一市场为基础，其内部边界对商品、资本和劳动力的开放程度远远超过任何同类贸易区。
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Science education today revolves around the idea of scientific literacy — the base-level knowledge about science that nonscientists require to effectively get on in the world.
当今的科学教育围绕着“科学素养”这一理念展开——即非科学工作者在世界上有效立足所需的基础科学知识。
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets, I share the night terrors of historians, and I’d be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.
作为一名日常工作围绕特藏和数字资产展开的图书馆员，我和历史学家一样夜里心怀恐惧；如果我说目前存在一个全面的保存方案，那我就是在撒谎。
(50) They pool resources, collaborate, think outside the box, and find solutions and ways around obstacles to explore science for the sake of science without the traditional boundaries of working inside a formal setting.
(50) 他们汇集资源、相互协作、跳出固有思维，寻找解决办法和绕开障碍的途径，为科学而探索科学，不受在正规机构内工作的传统界限束缚。
No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write.
没有人确切知道诗歌起源于何时，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人类会书写之前就已存在。
But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
但电池储能容量的提升，正使可再生能源全天候持续供电变得更有可能。
Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.
合理的主张早就有了，但管理这一行业的州级机构过于保守，一直没有加以实施。
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[However], a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.
然而，真正的无现金社会可能并非近在眼前。
Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods — paintings, sculpture and architecture — and superfluous experiences — music, literature, religion and philosophy.
人类的独特之处在于，他们不仅能制造工具，还能转而利用工具创造出非生存必需的物质产品——绘画、雕塑和建筑——以及非生存必需的体验——音乐、文学、宗教和哲学。
My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness” — creations and experiences to which others adhere.
我的定义围绕“黏性”这一概念展开——即能吸引他人追随的创作和体验。
Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles [reacted] more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, [suggesting] that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
那些被迫动用微笑肌肉的人，对滑稽漫画的反应比那些嘴巴紧缩、呈皱眉状的人更热烈，这表明表情可能会影响情绪，而不仅仅是情绪影响表情。