early简单

In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems.

2010年代初，各行各业开始使用iPad和其他数字支付系统来处理消费。

As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.

正如罗玛·阿格拉沃尔在她妙趣横生的新书《螺母与螺栓》中所解释的，17世纪早期的弗吉尼亚人在打算搬家时，有时会把自己的房子烧掉。

The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to ____

17世纪早期弗吉尼亚人的例子是用来____

highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.

突出早期美洲殖民者的节俭。

The group is in its early days of mobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.

该团体尚处于动员初期，其行动可能包括推动出台新的政策或法规。

The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。

The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was [coined] around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be [compared] to intelligence in animals.

植物具有某种程度意识的观点最早在21世纪初生根；“植物神经生物学”这一术语正是围绕这样一种观念而创造的：植物行为的某些方面可以与动物的智能相比拟。

The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.

面临风险的塑料物品种类多得令人眼花缭乱：早期的收音机、先锋派雕塑、迪士尼电影的赛璐珞动画剧照、第一颗人造心脏。

make an early decision on their career.

尽早做出职业决定

one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement.

每三个美国人中就有一人享受提前退休

During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.

在19世纪40年代和50年代，即摄影的早期，曝光时间之长是出了名的：银版照相法（在镀银铜板上成像）可能需要几分钟才能完成，拍摄对象一挪动位置或调整四肢，图像就会模糊。

From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals’.

从宽带发展早期开始，消费者和网络公司的拥护者就担心，销售宽带连接的有线电视公司和电话公司有能力也有动机偏袒其附属网站，而亏待竞争对手的网站。

is at odds with its earlier rulings.

与其先前的裁决相矛盾。

Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.

尽管现阶段这只是一个研究项目，但这一要求让人们预见到，监管机构可能介入迄今为止它们都管不到的早期科技市场。

James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, "having a go at the writing game".

与大众的看法相反，詹姆斯·赫里欧在早年——用他自己的话说——“尝试写作这门行当”时，并不觉得容易。

Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

《混乱：无序改变生活的力量》一书的作者蒂姆·哈福德提到20世纪80年代初的一项研究，该研究把大学生分成两组：一组被建议制定每月的目标和学习活动；另一组则被要求逐日、更加详细地规划活动和目标。

The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ____

哈福德引用的20世纪80年代初的研究表明____

The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.

当初把早期波利尼西亚人带到夏威夷海岸的那种探寻地平线以外有什么的好奇心，同样激励着今天的天文学家去探索太空。

However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.

不过，科尔蒂纳说，早接触是有益的。

Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ____

科尔蒂纳认为，早接触计算机科学会让人更容易____

Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.

年轻人和老年人在一个关键点上看法一致：两个群体中的绝大多数人都表示，他们认为如今的年轻人比前几代人更难开启人生。

While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

尽管年轻人对如今刚起步者的前景比长辈们稍微乐观一些，但两个群体中的大多数人都认为，那些“刚刚开启人生”的人在实现诸如获得一份高薪工作、成家、管理债务和找到负担得起的住房等标志性成就方面，要比前几代人面临更艰难的攀登。

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration — one of the great folk wanderings of history — swept from Europe to America.

在17世纪和18世纪初的一百年间，一股移民潮——历史上伟大的民族迁徙之一——从欧洲席卷至美洲。

Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.

坦桑尼亚的早期原始人类遗址奥杜威峡谷，是1911年由一位捕蝶人发现的，他真的跌进了那道深谷。

Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.

公园是常见的主题，尤其是在较早的作品中，比如约翰·希利亚德非常有趣的《穿过公园》：在一系列图像中，一位长发散步者时而被漂亮女孩冲着微笑，时而在不知不觉中遭到袭击，而这些图像原来是同一张照片的不同部分。

But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

但我们现在已经掌握了足够的知识，能够降低许多曾威胁早期人类生存的风险，并改善后人的命运。

Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.

直到20世纪初，儿童根本没有用颜色来区分：在家用洗衣机出现之前的年代，出于实际考虑，所有婴儿都穿白色，因为把衣服洗干净的唯一办法就是用水煮。

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.

从文艺复兴最早期起，书写历史就意味着讲述伟人的模范人生。

Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.

然而，任何一位传记作家都知道，一个人的早年生活及其境遇往往是他所得到的最好的礼物。

In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses — usually around 1,200 square feet — than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.

20世纪30年代，弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特开始建造更朴素、更实用的房屋——通常约1200平方英尺——与他在19世纪90年代和20世纪初设计的那些铺展开来的两层楼房相比更为简约。

Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

例如，丰田汽车公司通过一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体应对活动，减轻了今年早些时候召回危机造成的部分损失，其中包括在推特和社交新闻网站Digg等网站上直接与消费者互动。