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大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。
n. 领域，范围13 次
With so much research left to do, leaders in the field have been doing some soul-searching, and acknowledging that restoration can be motivated by — and designed to meet — different needs.
由于还有大量研究有待开展，该领域的领军人物一直在进行反思，并承认恢复工作可以出于不同的需求而开展，也可以为满足不同的需求而设计。
That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a massive challenge. He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one butterfly take-off sequence in focus. At such high shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly’s likely flight-line — and catch it — in focus.
这听起来既简单又人为，但彼得斯坚称这仍是一项巨大的挑战。他通常要拍一万到两万张照片，才能得到一组对焦清晰的蝴蝶起飞序列。在如此高的快门速度下，景深非常小，而且蝴蝶并不沿直线飞行，很快就会扑腾着飞出焦点。除了成千上万次的尝试，还需要耐心和野外经验来预判蝴蝶可能的飞行路线——并在焦点内捕捉到它。
A citizen science-based approach can extend the field of vision and include different ideas and different brains to problem-solve and create, making innovation faster and more effective.
基于公民科学的方法可以拓展视野，容纳不同的想法和不同的头脑来解决问题和进行创造，使创新更快、更有效。
further their studies in a specific field.
在某一专门领域深造
In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
举个明显的例子，在医疗领域，疫情意味着医生、护士和其他医务人员仍然明显短缺。
Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
他一生所取得的一切都来之不易，他在文学领域的成功也不例外。
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Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
科尔蒂纳说，让更多孩子接受这种训练可以增加对该领域感兴趣的人数，并有助于填补岗位缺口。
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
这些捐助者说，他们已经在自己选择的领域取得了成功，想用自己的财富让人们关注那些在科学上取得成功的人。
On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
关于被推翻的条款，多数法官认为国会已经有意“占据了这一领域”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦政府的特有权力。
As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia.
截至2005年，全世界各领域的专业社会科学家已近50万人，他们既在学术界内也在学术界外工作。
The [prevention] of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to [cope with] security issues.
防范这类欺诈绝非易事，一个新的计算机科学领域正在发展起来，以应对安全问题。
Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
因此，每个人都需要找到自己的额外价值——即能让自己在所从事的任何领域中脱颖而出的独特贡献。
The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.
梅南先生总结道，改革高等教育的关键在于改变“知识生产者被培养出来”的方式。否则，学者们的思维将继续危险地趋同，与他们所研究、调查和批评的社会日益脱节。“至少在某些领域，学术探究可能需要减少排他性，变得更加全面。”然而，究竟如何做到这一点，梅南先生并没有说。
n. 田野9 次
She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.
她借鉴了信件、日记和小说，以及威妮弗雷德·吉尔1939年的一本田野笔记，其中逐字记录了她对听众的调查。
Pennsylvania farmers, to use one telling example, aren’t thinking about next year’s blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields, yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.
举一个很能说明问题的例子：宾夕法尼亚州的农民在决定是否往田里施撒动物粪便时，并不会考虑马里兰州明年的蓝蟹收成，然而流入附近溪流的径流却可能对下游产生巨大影响。
The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields.
鸡的粪便随后又为田地施肥。
To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively — meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.
要大幅提高自给率，英国需要大幅减少动物性食品的消费，可能还要进行更集约化的耕作——这意味着更少的绿地和更多工厂式的生产。
Just 25 percent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields.
该国仅有25%的土地适合种植农作物，而其中大部分已被耕地占用。
Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.
即使我们把所有适宜的土地都改成果蔬田——这将意味着拆除所有自然保护区、让成千上万的人搬离家园——农作物产量也只能提高30%。
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more green fields will be converted for farming.
更多绿地将被改为农田。
But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation — and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
但这一说法在艾奥瓦州许多人那里并不受欢迎。在那里，风力涡轮机遍布田野，提供了该州36%的发电量——而且像微软这样的科技巨头正被那里可为其数据中心供电的清洁能源所吸引。
Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
航空勘测可以确定值得关注的大致区域或较大的地下遗迹，如古代建筑或田地。
n. 运动场1 次
If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods — making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.
如果说政府有什么作用的话，那应该是参与提供公共产品——确保有修建运动场的空间和铺设网球场、无挡板篮球场的资金，并鼓励学校开展所有这些活动。
n. （电或磁）场1 次
Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
地面勘测使考古学家能够准确找出可以成功发掘的地点。大多数地面勘测需要大量步行，寻找诸如陶器碎片之类的地表线索。勘测通常还包括一定量的挖掘，在一片地域中选定的若干地点检测是否有埋藏物。考古学家还可以利用地面雷达、磁场记录和金属探测器等技术来确定地下遗存的位置。考古学家通常用计算机绘制遗址及其周边地貌的地图。二维和三维地图是规划发掘、展示遗址面貌以及呈现考古研究成果的有用工具。
v. 应对，处理（问题、请求等）大纲外1 次
Now he’s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.
如今他住在政府提供的廉租公寓里，并应对着文学经纪人纷至沓来的邀约。
义项待标注3 次
Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.
进步人士常常支持多元化强制规定，视之为通向平等之路和创造公平竞争环境的方式。
Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”
肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各州谋求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平的环境中竞争”。
Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses.
零售贸易团体对这项裁决表示赞扬，称它为本地企业和网络企业创造了公平的竞争环境。