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- v. 流，淌未考
大纲外大纲词表没有列出、但真题里用到的意思。 派生由这个词构成的派生词、合成词的意思。
v. 经营14 次
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.
在伦敦西部举办这一年度花展的英国皇家园艺学会（RHS）表示，之所以推出这项禁令，是因为塑料草坪会对环境和生物多样性造成破坏。
But I believe that well-run zoos, and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity, do serve a higher purpose.
但我相信，经营良好的动物园以及忍受圈养的英勇动物们，确实服务于一个更崇高的目的。
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.
历届政府都允许这样的涨价，理由是投资和运营铁路网的成本应由使用者承担，而不是由普通纳税人承担。
A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.
一个运作不善的“文化年”就像潮水一样在一个地方涨了又退，带来一时的瞩目，却不会给社区留下任何持久的益处。
In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.
从某些方面来看，科学出版模式与社交网络经济相似：劳动力被免费提供，以换取获得地位的希望，而巨额利润则被少数几家经营市场平台的大公司赚走。
Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company.”
如今的首席执行官，至少就美国大公司而言，必须具备的技能远不止于能够“经营公司”。
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The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
该宪章的主要执行手段是禁止违规的设计师和模特经纪公司参加由丹麦时尚学院主办的哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。
In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.
在当今世界，高薪的高管们不对自己所管理的机构中发生的事情负责，已经成为常态。
Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust.
获准经营核电站是公众的托付。
Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth.
安特吉公司在美国还经营着另外11座反应堆，其中包括普利茅斯的朝圣者核电站。
Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years.
该公司承诺安全运营朝圣者核电站，并已申请联邦许可，让其再运营20年。
Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.”
他没有用通常那些含糊其辞的借口来掩饰自己的离职，而是直言不讳地说，他离开是“为了追求经营一家公司的目标”。
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.
麦吉说，在没有找好下家的情况下离职，使他有时间思考自己想经营一家什么样的公司。
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by Football Association.
这样的举措可能会影响麦当劳之类的公司，麦当劳赞助了英格兰足球总会开展的青少年培训计划。
v. 奔，跑3 次
Plants can’t run away from [danger], so investing energy in a body system which [recognizes] a threat and can feel pain would be a very [poor] evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
文章称，植物无法逃离危险，因此把能量投入到一个能识别威胁并感受疼痛的身体系统中，将是一种非常糟糕的进化策略。
And people who run for the bus?
那些跑着追公交车的人呢？
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.
每周六早上9点，有超过5万名跑步者出发，绕着当地公园跑5公里。
v. 运转3 次
run
运行
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.
相反，该公司恰恰做了它长期承诺不会做的事：在联邦法院质疑佛蒙特州法规的合宪性，以此作为让其佛蒙特扬基核电站继续运营的孤注一掷之举。
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with [confidence], trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure [on] which the transaction runs.”
施密特先生将其描述为一个“自愿的生态系统”，在其中“个人和组织可以放心地完成在线交易，信任彼此的身份，也信任交易所依托的基础设施的身份”。
v. 蔓延，伸展1 次
Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
亚利桑那州曾试图制定与现行联邦政策并行的州政策。
a. （long-running）长期存在的，持续已久的派生1 次
This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways.
这应成为解决英国铁路长期存在问题的一揽子更广泛措施的一部分。
v. （文字、说法）写着，说的是大纲外1 次
“Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene.
维多利亚时代流行的一句俗语说：“大自然给了我们嘴唇来遮住牙齿。”这暗指在正规牙科诞生之前，人们口腔的卫生状况往往糟糕得惊人。
a. （long-run）长期的，长远的派生1 次
listing its long-run effects.
列举其长期影响。
n. （run-up）（重大事件的）准备阶段，前期派生1 次
The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 — but the general population was growing faster.
每周进行体育运动的成年人数量在2012年之前的筹备期确实增加了近200万——但总人口增长得更快。
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are justifiable in the long run.
从长远来看是合理的。
ran out
耗尽
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.
该策略还旨在确保从森林中清除的木质材料中的碳以实木的形式被封存起来，或作为生物燃料在原本使用化石燃料的车辆中燃烧。
I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable.
我也不喜欢配额制；它们与我对精英管理制度——即由有能力者治理——的信念背道而驰。
often run against the current political system.
常常与现行政治制度背道而驰。