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- vi. 作战未考
n. 战争（状态）29 次
Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness.
在两次世界大战之间，这项技术创新塑造了一种新的民族意识。
(50) The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.
(50) 美国对科学素养的高度关注最初源于科学技术在第二次世界大战期间的关键作用，以及人们所察觉到的美国士兵的不足。
As the war unfolded, science rapidly assumed a central role.
随着战争的展开，科学迅速占据了核心地位。
I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War.
几年前，我在阅读查尔斯·欧曼爵士的鸿篇巨制《半岛战争史》时，第一次发现了拿破仑时代的密码战。
I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.
我很想读到更多相关内容，却惊讶地发现，欧曼1914年出版的这篇附录是唯一一篇经过深思熟虑写就的关于这场秘密战争的文字。
I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War.
我开始确信，这个故事与第二次世界大战中恩尼格玛密码机及破译德军密码的故事一样激动人心、意义重大。
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(49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.
（49）拿破仑战争期间可能有过许多间谍和情报官员，但通常极难找到他们实际提供或处理过的材料。
World War II was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies.
第二次世界大战是现代西方社会高等教育的分水岭事件。
(46) Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
(46) 这些社会走出战争时，其（高等教育）入学率在战前几十年里一直大致稳定在相应年龄组人口的3%至5%。
(46) Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
(46) 这些社会走出战争时，其（高等教育）入学率在战前几十年里一直大致稳定在相应年龄组人口的3%至5%。
But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.
但战后，反法西斯战争胜利所带来的巨大社会和政治变革，使欧美经济体对受过中等以上教育的毕业生的需求日益增长。
But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.
但战后，反法西斯战争胜利所带来的巨大社会和政治变革，使欧美经济体对受过中等以上教育的毕业生的需求日益增长。
(47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
(47) 而且，这些社会中兴起的接受高等教育的需求扩展到了战前从未想过上大学的群体和社会阶层。
The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century — the period when the United States emerged as an international power.
这座大楼最初被称为国务院、陆军部和海军部大楼，在19世纪最后25年和20世纪最初25年——美国崛起为国际强国的时期——容纳了与制定和执行国家外交政策关系最为密切的三个行政部门。
In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.
1869年12月，国会任命了一个委员会，为新的国务院大楼选址，并制定规划和成本预算。该委员会还要考虑为陆军部和海军部作出可能的安排。令一些人震惊的是——他们原本期待在白宫另一侧建起一座与财政部大楼如出一辙的希腊复兴式建筑——阿尔弗雷德·马利特设计的精致的法国第二帝国风格方案被选中，一座容纳全部三个部门的大楼于1871年6月开工建设。
Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
许多最著名的国家人物都参与过在艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼花岗岩墙内发生的历史事件。西奥多·罗斯福和富兰克林·D·罗斯福、威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔、林登·B·约翰逊、杰拉尔德·福特以及乔治·H·W·布什在成为总统之前都曾在这座大楼里办公。这里曾是16位海军部长、21位陆军部长和24位国务卿的办公地。温斯顿·丘吉尔曾走过它的走廊，珍珠港遭轰炸后，日本使节曾在这里与国务卿科德尔·赫尔会面。
The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼（EEOB）在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产中都占据着独特的地位。它由财政部监督建筑师阿尔弗雷德·B·马利特设计，于1871年至1888年间建造，用以容纳国务院、陆军部和海军部日益增多的工作人员，被认为是美国法国第二帝国风格建筑的最佳范例之一。
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state.
该公司似乎认定自己在佛蒙特州的声誉已经受损严重，即使与该州开战也没什么可再失去的了。
I call it a secret war for two reasons.
我称之为一场秘密战争，原因有二。
This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading — between passive consumption and active creation — whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
这是因为联网计算机引发了一场下载与上传之间——被动消费与主动创造之间——的秘密战争，其结果将以我们才刚刚开始想象的方式塑造我们共同的未来。
Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be.
数以百万计的美国人和外国人把大兵乔视为一个没头脑的战争玩具，是美国军事冒险主义的象征，但过去可不是这样。
To the men and women who [served] in World War Ⅱ and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the [common] man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who [bore] all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the [necessities] of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.
对于二战中服役的男男女女以及被他们解放的人们来说，大兵是成长为英雄的普通人，是被迫离开家园的贫苦农家孩子，是承受了战争一切重负的人，他睡在冰冷的散兵坑里，缺衣少食、无处栖身，却坚持到底，击退了纳粹的杀戮统治。
He appears as a character, or a [collection] of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.
在1945年根据战地记者厄尼·派尔最后时日改编的电影《大兵乔的故事》中，他作为一个角色出现，或者说是美国人各种性格的集合体。
Pyle was famous for covering the [human] side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were [gained] or what towns were captured or liberated.
派尔以报道战争中人性的一面而闻名，他书写的是在泥土、雪地和泥泞中摸爬滚打的士兵，而不是攻占了多少英里土地，或是哪些城镇被攻克、被解放。
Both men [emphasized] the dirt and exhaustion of war, the [fragments] of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.
两人都着力刻画战争的肮脏与疲惫，以及士兵们彼此之间、与平民之间分享的文明碎片：咖啡、烟草、威士忌、栖身之所和睡眠。
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War Ⅱ as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
我们往往认为二战刚结束后的几十年是繁荣发展的时期：数以百万计的士兵返回家园，凭借《退伍军人权利法案》上大学，在婚姻登记处排起长队。
During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
在大萧条和战争期间，美国人学会了节俭度日，这种克制加上战后对未来的信心，使小巧实用的住房真正成为一种时尚。
The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools.
“少即是多”这一说法实际上最早是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗推广开来的；他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移居美国，并在美国的建筑院校任职。
Its designing concept was affected by World War Ⅱ.
它的设计理念受到了二战的影响。
n. 冲突4 次
reaped benefits from the war with digital pirates.
从与数字盗版者的斗争中获益。
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster — the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.
此事发生之时，作者们本已在担忧企鹅兰登书屋与另一家大型出版商西蒙与舒斯特拟议合并的后果——英国独立出版商数量的减少很可能导致竞价战减少、预付稿酬降低，以及出版内容更加趋同。
The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.
20世纪90年代的“妈妈战争”至今仍在继续，引发了关于女性为何仍不能兼得一切的争论，也催生了谢丽尔·桑德伯格的《向前一步》这类书，其书名本身就已成为流行语。
Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
超越文化战争中非对即错的逻辑，意味着开辟中间地带，并认识到如今的移民管理需要多种途径和多种结果，其中包括一些在现行体制下难以合法实现的结果。