year简单

Back then platforms such as Netflix, Amazon and Apple TV hemorrhaged billions of dollars to generate content to attract new subscribers, resulting in 633 scripted series being released that year.

当时，奈飞、亚马逊和苹果TV等平台砸下数十亿美元制作内容以吸引新订户，结果那一年推出了633部剧本类剧集。

As the streamers’ emphasis changed from subscriber growth to profitability, prices for the services went up and the number of new shows went down to 481 released in 2023, with the number expected to dip into the 300s within a few years.

随着流媒体平台的重心从订户增长转向盈利，服务价格上涨，新剧数量则下降到2023年的481部，预计几年内这一数字还会跌至300多部。

True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task.

的确如此：在数字时代之前的80多年里，线性的语言广播带来了意外收获这份礼物，随机地为一次驾车旅行或枯燥的体力活增添了乐趣。

A hundred years on from Marconi and Reith, is the art of mere listening endangered?

在马可尼和里思之后的一百年，单纯聆听的艺术是否正濒临消失？

radio shows have changed little over the years.

多年来无线电节目几乎没有变化。

But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent.

但当斯韦特纳姆进入亚利桑那大学树木年轮研究实验室读研究生时，他惊讶地发现了一份反复发生火灾的记录，这些记录可以追溯到欧洲殖民者抵达这片大陆之前的数百年。

It is undoubtedly true that all work and no play really does make Jack, or Jill, dull. The cure is right at hand. Reading is cheap, easy and, most important, it’s fun. Liberate your imagination this year.

毫无疑问，只工作不玩耍确实会让人变得乏味。解药就在手边。阅读便宜、简单，最重要的是，它很有趣。今年就解放你的想象力吧。

This concept has served as a central goal for curriculum developers, local school boards, business and community leaders, and policymakers ever since its introduction nearly 80 years ago.

自近80年前提出以来，这一概念一直是课程开发者、地方学校董事会、商界和社区领袖以及政策制定者的核心目标。

Ferrovie will invest a total of €124bn in infrastructure over the next 10 years.

意大利国家铁路集团将在未来10年内总共投资1240亿欧元用于基础设施建设。

Improvements will also come from the high-density technology and satellite signalling that RFI has been investing in for years, say experts.

专家们表示，RFI多年来一直投资的高密度技术和卫星信号系统也将带来改善。

What began as a small neighborhood gathering blossomed into a massive cultural event, welcoming tens of thousands of people each year over nearly two decades before abruptly shutting down.

它最初只是一个小型的邻里聚会，后来发展成为一场大型文化盛事，在近二十年里每年接待数以万计的人，然后突然停办。

This year, we’ve been forced to scale back the footprint of the fest.

今年，我们被迫缩小了节庆的规模。

Christopher Kettle, Biodiversity International’s director for forest genetic resources and restoration in Rome, says that the need for infrastructure — things such as mechanisms for collecting and storing seeds, and nurseries to raise seedlings — might be most desperate here because many trees are ‘masting’ species, which don’t produce seeds every year.

国际生物多样性中心驻罗马的森林遗传资源与恢复主任克里斯托弗·凯特尔表示，这里对基础设施——诸如收集和储存种子的机制以及培育幼苗的苗圃——的需求可能最为迫切，因为许多树木属于“大年结实”物种，并非每年都结种子。

“Otherwise, you miss the boat, you lose all the seed and you’ve got to wait another seven years,” says Kettle.

“否则，你就会错失良机，失去所有种子，不得不再等七年。”凯特尔说。

“Insects that today are a minor problem may become a major problem if they can produce three or four generations in a year,” says forest ecologist John Stanturf.

森林生态学家约翰·斯坦图夫说：“如今只是小问题的昆虫，如果一年能繁殖三四代，就可能变成大问题。”

The slow sea level rise in the Mediterranean [submerged] the city more than 3,000 years ago.

地中海海平面的缓慢上升在3000多年前{{3}}了这座城市。

A year later, he returned with a few students to [examine] the location and map the site.

一年后，他带着几名学生回来{{11}}这个地点并绘制遗址地图。

The randomised control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils — aged nine and ten — at 45 state primary schools that had not been “previously exposed to RSC pedagogy.”

这项随机对照试验涉及45所公立小学的数百名五年级学生（九到十岁），这些学校此前“未接触过RSC的教学法”。

Recognising the hope that science and engineering can bring was the impetus behind the creation of the Millennium Technology Prize, which is now entering its 20th year as a celebration of human ingenuity.

认识到科学和工程能够带来的希望，正是设立千年技术奖的动力所在；作为对人类创造力的颂扬，该奖项如今已进入第20个年头。

Ever since taking on Netflix Inc. at its own game, old Hollywood has struggled to turn a profit in streaming, with the likes of Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+ losing billions of dollars each year, sparking concerns that the services will never be as profitable as cable once was.

自从在流媒体领域与奈飞公司正面交锋以来，老牌好莱坞一直难以在流媒体业务上盈利，Disney+、Peacock和Paramount+等平台每年亏损数十亿美元，引发了人们的担忧：这些服务永远不会像有线电视曾经那样赚钱。

With no video production costs, illegal streaming sites have achieved profit margins approaching 90%, according to the Motion Picture Association (MPA), a trade group representing Hollywood studios that’s working to crack down on the thousands of illegal platforms that have cropped up in recent years.

据美国电影协会（MPA）称，由于没有视频制作成本，非法流媒体网站的利润率已接近90%；美国电影协会是代表好莱坞各制片公司的行业组织，正致力于打击近年来涌现的数以千计的非法平台。

But now piracy involving illegal streaming services as well as file-sharing costs the US economy about $30 billion in lost revenue a year and some 250,000 jobs, estimates the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center.

但据美国商会全球创新政策中心估计，如今涉及非法流媒体服务和文件共享的盗版每年让美国经济损失约300亿美元收入和约25万个工作岗位。

Rivkin joined the MPA in 2017 after the organization failed five years earlier to build consensus between Hollywood and Silicon Valley to win passage of legislation in Congress aimed at stopping online piracy.

里夫金于2017年加入美国电影协会，在此五年前，该组织未能在好莱坞和硅谷之间达成共识，以推动国会通过旨在制止网络盗版的立法。

Consulting firm Parks Associates predicts that legitimate US streaming services’ cumulative loss from piracy since 2022 will reach $113 billion in the next two years.

咨询公司Parks Associates预测，自2022年以来美国正规流媒体服务因盗版造成的累计损失将在未来两年内达到1130亿美元。

Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed with bowel cancer. “I was waiting for surgery, feeling really ill, sitting in my garden. It was amazing weather and there were painted lady butterflies everywhere,” he says. “They were a symbol of fragile life, of hope and defiance, and something appealed to my soul.”

五年前的夏末，安德鲁·富塞克·彼得斯被诊断出患有肠癌。“我在等待手术，感觉非常难受，坐在我的花园里。天气好极了，到处都是小红蛱蝶，”他说，“它们象征着脆弱的生命，象征着希望与不屈，有某种东西打动了我的灵魂。”

The amounts have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today.

小费比例已从1950年代的10%或更低，升至2000年前后的15%，再到如今的20%或更高。

Nearly 75 years on, with the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that the model is out of date.

近75年过去了，英国面临着截然不同的健康挑战，这一模式显然已经过时。

Heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the past few years.

过去几年，高温行动计划（HAP）在印度迅速增多。

Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years [previously] by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.

自动滑动门由美国人迪·霍顿和卢·休伊特于六年前发明，1960年开始作为商业产品出现。

Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things.

大约2000年前，罗马人开始撤出苏格兰时，留下了一批奇特的宝藏：10吨钉子，将近一百万枚。

Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much.

钉子本身多年来有所变化，但西切尔研究它们恰恰是因为它们变化不大。

Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.

另一项措施可以是鼓励不同年级的孩子之间建立友谊，以效仿狩猎采集社会中无人监管的混龄游戏群体。

What about in a year?

一年以后会怎样？

Pennsylvania farmers, to use one telling example, aren’t thinking about next year’s blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields, yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.

举一个很能说明问题的例子：宾夕法尼亚州的农民在决定是否往田里施撒动物粪便时，并不会考虑马里兰州明年的蓝蟹收成，然而流入附近溪流的径流却可能对下游产生巨大影响。

The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old.

对我来说，任何展览的背景都比展出的物品是有2000年历史还是只有2个月历史更重要。

“If we’re going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”

“如果我们要活到100岁，就需要90岁老人也能舒适驾驶的汽车。”

“If we’re going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”

“如果我们要活到100岁，就需要90岁老人也能舒适驾驶的汽车。”

The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area’s agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.

市场的规模或举办频率会随季节而变化，这取决于当地的农事日历，而且你很可能在一年中的不同时间发现不同的农产品在出售。

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher.

由科学家和教师组成的非营利团体——美国国家科学教育中心去年开展了一项研究，考察全国各州公立学校如何在科学课上讲授气候变化，结果只有勉强一半的州获得了B+或更高的评级。

The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”.

问题始于去年年底，当时企鹅兰登书屋证实，它已对水石书店实行了“幅度非常大的”信用额度限制。

After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”

毕竟，近年来许多最有趣的书都出自小出版商。”

Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals.

研究人员每年在3万多种期刊上发表数百万篇论文。

Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.

这种做法可以使一篇文章在发表当年就累积150多次引用。

Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.

危险信号包括一篇文章在第一年内就获得大量引用。

This year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.

今年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊拍摄的一系列黄石照片问世150周年。

The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

事实证明，该法案广受欢迎，以压倒性多数顺利在国会通过。1872年初，参众两院相继迅速通过了保护黄石的立法。当年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署了一项法案，使其成为法律，从而将黄石确立为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管一些当地人反对这一认定，但这一决定在很大程度上被接受了——杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我认为，如果没有那些图像，法律保护不会在那样的时间内实现，”记者希瑟·汉森说，她是《先知与大亨、护林员与无赖、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局100年》一书的作者。

About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.

每年约有800万平方米的塑料草坪售出，但反对之声现已蔓延到最高层的园艺界。

The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos.

切尔西花展已禁止今年的展会使用假草坪，宣称它不符合花展的理念。

Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.

皇家园艺学会的埃德·霍恩说：“我们去年启动了可持续发展战略，而假草坪根本不符合我们的理念以及我们对塑料的看法。

In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.”

去年另一份要求禁止假草坪的请愿书征集到了3万个签名，对此政府回应称，它“没有禁止使用人造草坪的计划”。

Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.

此外，加大私有化力度必定会削弱每年3亿游客前来公园的主要原因之一：享受自然，暂时摆脱充斥日常生活的商业喧嚣。

Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.

约81%的受访者表示，他们愿意在未来10年额外缴税，以避免国家公园遭受任何削减。

Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package.

国会每年只给国家公园系统拨款30亿美元——这一数额（按经通胀调整后的美元计算）自2001年以来一直持平，只有2009年作为奥巴马经济刺激计划的一部分曾有过一次性增加。

Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.

与此同时，自1980年以来，年游客量增长了50%以上，目前已达每年3.3亿人次。

The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old.

研究人员研究了200多名年龄在11岁到28岁之间的儿童和青年的“亲社会”特质和叛逆特质。

The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.

这些举措是多年来对建筑法规最重大的一次修改。业内专家表示，在材料短缺和高昂人工成本已经推高费用之际，这些举措必然会导致价格进一步上涨。

Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15th June next year.

在该日期之前提交的任何方案都被视为适用原有规定，只要在明年6月15日之前开工，就可以继续推进。

Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years.

过去两年里，材料价格已经上涨了25%。

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write.

没有人确切知道诗歌起源于何时，但它已经存在了数千年，甚至在人类会书写之前就已存在。

Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.

高分子化学家西娅·范·奥斯滕说，某些手工艺品尤其脆弱，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱者并不总是知道如何恰当地混合原料。她在几年前退休之前，在荷兰文化遗产局工作了几十年。

They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season — provided by Monash University’s Climate Change Communication Research Hub.

他们在这部有300年历史的乐谱中注入了每个季节的最新气候预测数据——这些数据由莫纳什大学气候变化传播研究中心提供——从而对其进行了重新构思。

However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.

然而，所提出的机制难以操作，该法案在当年晚些时候政府更迭后被否决。

I am a zoo and wildlife park employee for years.

我在动物园和野生动物园工作了多年。

I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War.

几年前，我在阅读查尔斯·欧曼爵士的鸿篇巨制《半岛战争史》时，第一次发现了拿破仑时代的密码战。

Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretires” — those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring — said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.

调查显示，更令人惊讶的是，超过一半的“不退休者”——那些计划在退休后工作或退休后重返工作岗位的人——表示，即使他们有足够的钱安顿下来，晚年也还会去工作。

The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

根据美国人口普查局的数据，2018年65岁及以上人口所占比例为16%，比前一年上升了3.2%。

Seniors are living longer, but planning for the extended years is key.

老年人活得更久了，但为延长的岁月做好规划才是关键。

Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth.

总部位于巴尔的摩的理财规划公司Facet Wealth的联合创始人布伦特·韦斯说，不幸的是，许多选择在退休后工作的人之所以准备这样做，是因为他们担心晚年难以维持生计。

The researchers looked at data that [included] measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and [compared] that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.

研究人员查看了{{7}}4000多名中老年男女的瘦肌肉和腹部脂肪测量值的数据，并将这些数据{{8}}六年间所报告的流体智力变化。

They found that middle-aged people [with] higher measures of abdominal fat [scored] worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years [went by].

他们发现，随着岁月{{11}}，腹部脂肪测量值较高的中年人{{9}}在流体智力测量中{{10}}更差。

This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

今年平均2.7%的涨幅或许比去年略低一点，但仍远高于官方用来衡量通胀的消费者价格指数（CPI）。

This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

今年平均2.7%的涨幅或许比去年略低一点，但仍远高于官方用来衡量通胀的消费者价格指数（CPI）。

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.

然而，在过去12个月里，这些通勤者也经历了多年来最严重的几次铁路罢工。

The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passenger fares _____

作者认为今年铁路客运票价的上涨_____

Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.

去年是印度尼西亚令人忧心的森林砍伐速度连续第三年放缓。

Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.

去年是印度尼西亚令人忧心的森林砍伐速度连续第三年放缓。

They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

他们注意到，随着我们之间相隔的大约一百年因共同的欢笑体验而渐渐消弭，维多利亚时代的人似乎突然变得更有人情味了。

There was first the rate of growth: (48) in many countries of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s.

首先是增长速度：(48) 在许多西欧国家，20世纪60年代高等教育的学生人数在五年内翻了一番，到70年代中期又在七年、八年或十年内再次翻番。

There was first the rate of growth: (48) in many countries of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s.

首先是增长速度：(48) 在许多西欧国家，20世纪60年代高等教育的学生人数在五年内翻了一番，到70年代中期又在七年、八年或十年内再次翻番。

When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years, (49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.

当一个学院或系在三四年内从比如说5名成员增加到20名，(49) 并且新进员工主要是刚完成研究生学业的年轻男女时，他们在很大程度上决定了该学院学术生活的规范。

Between them, the five biggest tech companies have spent an average of only $3.4 billion a year on sub-$1 billion acquisitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130 billion of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.

过去五年，这五家最大的科技公司平均每年在10亿美元以下的收购上总共只花了34亿美元——与它们庞大的财务储备以及去年在美国投入的1300多亿美元风险投资相比，这只是沧海一粟。

Between them, the five biggest tech companies have spent an average of only $3.4 billion a year on sub-$1 billion acquisitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130 billion of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.

过去五年，这五家最大的科技公司平均每年在10亿美元以下的收购上总共只花了34亿美元——与它们庞大的财务储备以及去年在美国投入的1300多亿美元风险投资相比，这只是沧海一粟。

Between them, the five biggest tech companies have spent an average of only $3.4 billion a year on sub-$1 billion acquisitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130 billion of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.

过去五年，这五家最大的科技公司平均每年在10亿美元以下的收购上总共只花了34亿美元——与它们庞大的财务储备以及去年在美国投入的1300多亿美元风险投资相比，这只是沧海一粟。

[After all], it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a [connection].

毕竟，在找到证据证明两者有关联之前，吸烟致癌的传言已经流传了很多年。

A group of Labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award.

包括伊薇特·库珀在内的一批工党议员以一项倡议迎接新年：设立英国“文化之镇”奖。

A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.

一个运作不善的“文化年”就像潮水一样在一个地方涨了又退，带来一时的瞩目，却不会给社区留下任何持久的益处。

The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.

真正成功的称号持有者所做的，远不止让酒店客房爆满、引进一年的高调艺术活动和正面报道。

But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of a complex series of factors that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art, music and theatre that it remains today.

但这是可以做到的：格拉斯哥作为“欧洲文化之都”的那一年，无疑可以被看作是一系列复杂因素之一，正是这些因素使这座城市成为了至今仍是艺术、音乐和戏剧重镇的地方。

The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

荷兰巨头爱思唯尔声称出版了全世界25%的科学论文，去年利润超过9亿英镑；而仅英国的大学在2016年就花费了2.1亿多英镑，让研究人员能够查阅他们自己由公共资金资助的研究；尽管人们为改变这一状况所作的努力越来越孤注一掷，这两个数字似乎仍在势不可挡地上升。

More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

现在，英国一半以上的科学研究都是按开放获取条款发表的：要么从发表之时起就免费提供，要么先付费阅读一年或更长时间，让出版商赚取利润后再公开发布。

A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.

去年的一份报告指出，订阅费用和这些“文章编辑成本”都一直在以高于通货膨胀的速度稳步上涨。

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.

这些法案与加利福尼亚州最近通过的一项措施类似，加州去年成为第一个要求私营公司实行性别配额的州。

Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.

相反，数字服务税是一个更大趋势的一部分：过去几年里，各国纷纷提出或实施了一大堆名目繁多的新国际税收条款。

The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.

如今，美国顶级公司的典型首席执行官年收入约为1890万美元。

The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election.

新设立的超低排放区（Ulez）很可能会成为明年市长选举中的一个大问题。

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring — the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year — the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.

既然Z世代的成员将在今年春天大学毕业——最普遍接受的定义认为这代人出生于1995年之后，前后误差一年左右——近几周来人们对他们的关注一直在稳步上升。

And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.

而且，根据全美高校与雇主协会开展的一项调查，今年美国雇主计划招聘的应届毕业生人数将比去年多出约17%。

Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.

尽管他们毕业时正赶上过去50年来最好的经济形势，Z世代却知道经济崩溃是什么样子。

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.

埃森哲的一项调查发现，今年88%的应届毕业生在选择专业时就考虑到了工作。

Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.

从明年开始，如果高管所在的银行因不当行为而受到调查，他们任何有保障的奖金都可能被推迟10年发放。

Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.

从明年开始，如果高管所在的银行因不当行为而受到调查，他们任何有保障的奖金都可能被推迟10年发放。

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.

他指出，近几十年来，美国和英国的平均股票持有时间都从七年降到了七个月。

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.”

在美国，2002年的《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》促使大多数上市公司将高管的绩效奖金推迟约一年发放，这在一定程度上有助于减少“短期主义”。

In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

在法国，持有一家公司投资至少两年的股东有时可以在公司中获得更多投票权。

The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates.

近年来，这一鲜为人知的做法的使用越来越普遍，因为大学一直在竭尽全力留住学生（并让他们继续缴纳学费），同时提高毕业率。

When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.

几十年前这种做法刚出现时，通常仅限于新生，目的是在他们难以适应大学水平的课程时，给他们在第一年再上一次某门课的机会。

This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley.

今年恰逢玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦——现代普罗米修斯》出版整整两百周年。

has remained popular for as long as 200 years.

已经流行了长达200年。

“Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.

他在一份得到另外四位大法官附议的意见书中写道：“实体存在规则一年比一年更加脱离经济现实，并给各州造成了巨大的收入损失。”

have cost consumers a lot over the years.

多年来让消费者付出了很大代价。

There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.

一种膨胀的过程一直在起作用：(47) 如今，任何申请研究职位的人发表的论文数量，都必须是仅仅10年前同一职位所要求数量的两倍。

California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 — financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.

加州计划到2020年每年治理3.5万英亩森林，到2030年每年治理6万英亩——资金来自该州排放许可拍卖的收益。

California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.

加州的这项计划预计将于明年由州长最终敲定，它应当成为一个典范。

To carry it out before the year of 2020.

在2020年之前实施该计划。

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.

美国农场主抱怨劳动力短缺已有好几年了。

The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year.

H-2A签证没有数量上限，这与用于非农业工作的H-2B签证不同，后者每年限额为6.6万个。

While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading.

虽然他显然天赋过人，但他最终呈现给世人的精雕细琢的作品，是多年练习、反复改写和阅读的结果。

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.

在未来几年里，技术将以或大或小的方式改善社会，然而对于那些生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这几乎算不上什么安慰。

It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.

它公布2016财年净亏损56亿美元，这是其支出连续第10年超过收入。

This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

这就是为什么近年来多次改革立法的尝试都以失败告终，致使邮政署除了推迟至关重要的现代化建设外，无法支付账单。

Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures.

众议院正在审议的一项立法预计将在五年内为美国邮政署节省286亿美元，这笔钱可以用于购买新车辆以及其他维持生存的措施。

That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year.

这项合乎常理的改变得到了公众的广泛支持，每年可为美国邮政署节省20亿美元。

Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.

这座大楼一翼接一翼地缓慢建起，施工历时17年。

When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.

莎士比亚十二岁时，伦敦建起了第一座公共剧院。

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers.

此后二十五年伊丽莎白时代戏剧的发展，对研究文学史的人来说格外有意义，因为在这短短的时期内，我们可以追溯许多种戏剧以及许多伟大事业的开端、成长、繁荣与衰落。

The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

在过去八年里，太阳能电池板的成本下降了80%，风力涡轮机的成本下降了近三分之一。

Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

尽管目前电动汽车在路上仍很少见，但这一巨额投资可能会在未来几年迅速改变这一局面。

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing — Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all.

数字经济巨头的实力和野心令人震惊——亚马逊刚刚宣布以135亿美元收购高端连锁杂货店全食超市，而两年前脸书为收购WhatsApp即时通讯服务付出的代价甚至更高，而WhatsApp根本没有任何实体产品。

Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.

如今，他的阅读材料已不再是科幻小说和参考书：最近，他透露自己每年至少读50本非虚构类书籍。

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried.

去年，美国运输安全管理局（TSA）在一次秘密检查中发现，卧底调查人员几乎每次尝试都能把武器——无论是假的还是真的——偷偷带过机场安检。

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.

它离这一目标还差得很远，一个重要原因是价格令人咋舌：乘客每五年必须支付85美元用于办理背景审查。

Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay Office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

狄更斯出生于英格兰南部海岸的朴次茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军饷处的一名职员——一个体面的职位，但社会地位不高。他的祖父母分别是管家和女管家，因为当过仆人，地位更低，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的出身。据说狄更斯的母亲出身于一个更体面的家庭。然而在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，逃往欧洲大陆，再也没有回来。家境日益贫困，迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，到沃伦鞋油作坊——一家鞋油厂——做工，在那里其他做工的男孩嘲笑他是“小绅士”。后来他的父亲因负债入狱。父亲入狱的屈辱和他在鞋油厂做工的经历成了狄更斯最大的创伤，也成了他最深的秘密。他甚至无法向妻子吐露这些事，尽管它们构成了他小说中未被承认的基础。

The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly £1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exports earn up to £10 billion a year more.

英语教学行业直接为英国赚取了近13亿英镑的无形出口收入，而我们其他与教育相关的出口每年还能多赚多达100亿英镑。

One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for [working] Americans.

盖洛普的一项民意调查发现，失业至少一年的美国人中有20%称自己患有抑郁症，是{{7}}美国人的两倍。

Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

跑步者从四岁孩童到祖父母辈都有；他们的用时从安德鲁·巴德利创下的13分48秒的世界纪录到一个小时不等。

Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.

十年前的周一，第30届奥运会宣布将在伦敦举办。

teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year.

每年至少教孩子三万个单词。

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.

如今，要求立即上大学的普遍社会压力，再加上在这个快速变化的世界里日益提高的期望，常常使学生完全忽略了间隔年的可能性。

After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it?

毕竟，如果你认识的每个人都要在秋天上大学，你推迟一年似乎很傻，不是吗？

And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

而且在上了12年学之后，花一年时间做与学业无关的事情会让人感觉不自然。

And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

而且在上了12年学之后，花一年时间做与学业无关的事情会让人感觉不自然。

But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.

但尽管这可能是事实，它却不足以成为否定间隔年的理由。

But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits — in fact, it probably enhances it.

但与普遍的误解相反，间隔年并不会妨碍学业上的成功——事实上，它很可能会促进这种成功。

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.

来自美国和澳大利亚的研究表明，休过间隔年的学生通常比没有休过的学生对大学准备得更充分，在大学里表现得也更好。

Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes — all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.

间隔年非但没有拖学生的后腿，反而通过让他们为独立、新的责任和环境变化做好准备而推动他们前进——这些都是大一新生往往最难应对的事情。

Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes — all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.

间隔年非但没有拖学生的后腿，反而通过让他们为独立、新的责任和环境变化做好准备而推动他们前进——这些都是大一新生往往最难应对的事情。

Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

在适应大学生活、被投入一个全新环境时，间隔年的经历可以减轻冲击，让学生更容易专注于学业和活动，而不是适应过程中的失误。

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.

如果你还不相信花一年时间探索兴趣有其内在价值，那么请考虑一下它对未来学业选择的经济影响。

At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.

例如，在波士顿学院，如果你要从其他院系转到护理学院，就得多读一年。

Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

一开始就利用间隔年把事情想清楚，有助于避免日后的压力并节省开支。

One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ____

高中毕业生不选择间隔年的原因之一是____

Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ____

来自美国和澳大利亚的研究暗示，间隔年有助于____

A gap year may save money for students by helping them ____

间隔年可能通过帮助学生____而为他们省钱

In Favor of the Gap Year.

支持间隔年。

The ABCs of the Gap Year.

间隔年基础知识。

The Gap Year Comes Back.

间隔年回归。

The Gap Year: A Dilemma.

间隔年：一个两难选择。

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires — nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.

2015年，美国林务局首次将其55亿美元年度预算的一半以上用于扑灭火灾——这一比例几乎是20年前用于此类工作的比例的两倍。

Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year.

尽管存在贸易竞争和外包，美国制造业每年仍需替补数以万计即将退休的婴儿潮一代。

Five are retiring this year.

今年有五人要退休。

Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

罗斯先生招收了三名社区大学的学生参加一个实习项目，起薪为每小时13美元，两年后涨到17美元。

Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.

中学毕业前两年，我参加了一门缝纫与设计课程，想着以后会接着学时装设计课程。

Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may [live] with them up to a year, [until] they can build a new house nearby.

按照传统，新婚夫妇会搬去与妻子的父母同住，并可能与他们一起生活长达一年，直到他们能在附近建起新房。

They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.

乡村不会再被造出来，而每年都有更多乡村被混凝土吞噬。

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.

据咨询公司EPG估计，美国和英国最大的企业每年在企业社会责任上的支出合计超过150亿美元。

“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said.

他说：“我不会选定某一年来终止印刷版。”

“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”

“然后每年以更高的幅度提价，实质上就是设法创造额外收入。”

Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

每周七天订阅印刷版一年要花近500美元——是只订数字版的两倍多。

USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.

美国鱼类及野生动物管理局还设定了一个阶段性目标：在未来10年内将草原鸡数量恢复到年均6.7万只。

Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.

施耐德是来自芝加哥郊区的一名27岁的汽车技师，他说自己大学毕业后费了好大劲才找到工作。

A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.

几年前的一个圣诞节，我最小的继女——她当时九岁——收到了一件超人T恤作为圣诞礼物。

Studying this could help [understand] why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major [contributory] factor.

研究这一点有助于理解人类进化为何在过去三万年间加快了步伐，而社会环境是其中一个主要的促成因素。

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.

两年前，鲁珀特·默多克的女儿伊丽莎白谈到了“我们如此多的机构普遍缺乏诚信，令人不安”。

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration — one of the great folk wanderings of history — swept from Europe to America.

在17世纪和18世纪初的一百年间，一股移民潮——历史上伟大的民族迁徙之一——从欧洲席卷至美洲。

(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.

(49) 第一批前往今天美国领土的移民乘船横渡大西洋，是在15、16世纪北美探险之后一百多年的事。

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.

多年来，研究发现，第一代大学生——即父母都没有大学学位的学生——在一系列教育成就指标上落后于其他学生。

First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.

第一代大学生被定义为父母都没有四年制大学学位的学生。

Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.

大多数第一代大学生（59.1%）获得了佩尔助学金——一种面向经济困难本科生的联邦助学金，而在父母至少一方拥有四年制学位的学生中，这一比例仅为8.6%。

Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.

哈佛商学院教授南希·克恩说：“即使在传统的办公室里，美国企业界的通用语言也比20年前感性得多，也更偏‘右脑’了。”

This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.

这一数字目前比一年前高出83万（4.4%）。

Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.

非自愿兼职就业人数仍远高于经济衰退前的水平，但比一年前减少了64万（7.9%）。

is harder to acquire than one year ago.

比一年前更难获得。

It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.

仿佛20年来对求职和救济金管理制度日益严厉的改革从未发生过一样。

There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

在美国大多数州，成为律师只有一条路：先读一个四年制的不相关专业的本科学位，然后在美国律师协会认可的200所法学院之一攻读三年制法律学位，再花一大笔钱准备律师资格考试。

There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

在美国大多数州，成为律师只有一条路：先读一个四年制的不相关专业的本科学位，然后在美国律师协会认可的200所法学院之一攻读三年制法律学位，再花一大笔钱准备律师资格考试。

Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.

另一种主张是让学生在法学院只读两年就可以参加律师资格考试。

The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.

正如亚历山大·波利亚科夫今年3月领取该奖时所说，奖金300万美元的基础物理学奖的确是一项有趣的尝试。

As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.

正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻特稿所讨论的那样，近年来，一系列奖金丰厚的研究人员奖项已跻身诺贝尔奖之列。

The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.

今年设立的生命科学突破奖对生命科学所涵盖的范围持有一种不具代表性的看法。

Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.

遗憾的是，尽管历时两年半才完成，《问题的核心》却始终没有触及问题的核心：我国一流高校中博雅教育的“不博雅”本质。

In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

在另一个案例中，美国考古学家勒内·米利翁和乔治·考吉尔花了数年时间，系统地绘制了墨西哥谷地中特奥蒂瓦坎全城的地图，该城位于今墨西哥城附近。在公元600年前后的鼎盛时期，这座城市是世界上最大的人类聚居地之一。研究人员不仅绘制了该城宏大华丽的礼仪区域，还绘制了数百处普通百姓居住的较简陋的公寓建筑群。

Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

然而，大多数考古遗址是由专门去寻找它们的考古学家发现的。这样的搜寻可能要花上数年。英国考古学家霍华德·卡特从其他遗址中发现的信息得知，埃及法老图坦卡蒙的陵墓是存在的。卡特在帝王谷的碎石中筛查了七年，才于1922年找到了这座陵墓。19世纪末，英国考古学家阿瑟·埃文斯爵士搜遍了希腊雅典的古董店。他在寻找一些小型雕刻印章，据认为它们属于公元前15世纪至公元前13世纪统治希腊的古迈锡尼文化。埃文斯对这些雕刻的解读最终使他于1900年在克里特岛上的克诺索斯发现了米诺斯王宫。

Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

然而，大多数考古遗址是由专门去寻找它们的考古学家发现的。这样的搜寻可能要花上数年。英国考古学家霍华德·卡特从其他遗址中发现的信息得知，埃及法老图坦卡蒙的陵墓是存在的。卡特在帝王谷的碎石中筛查了七年，才于1922年找到了这座陵墓。19世纪末，英国考古学家阿瑟·埃文斯爵士搜遍了希腊雅典的古董店。他在寻找一些小型雕刻印章，据认为它们属于公元前15世纪至公元前13世纪统治希腊的古迈锡尼文化。埃文斯对这些雕刻的解读最终使他于1900年在克里特岛上的克诺索斯发现了米诺斯王宫。

This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.

这正是格洛丽亚·麦肯齐如今面临的问题。这位84岁的寡妇最近从她在佛罗里达州那间铁皮屋顶的小房子里走出来，领取了史上最大的一笔独得彩票头奖。

It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).

看起来，如果大多数人能缩短通勤时间，多花时间陪伴亲友、少花时间看电视（美国人平均每年在这上面花掉整整两个月，却几乎没有因此更快乐），他们的状况会更好。

Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.

有证据显示，如果取消这一上限，未来五年可以多建6万套新房，使GDP增长0.6%。

Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

普里斯特利解释说，助理毛衣的那种深蓝色是如何经过数年从时装秀流传到百货商店，再流落到特价货柜里——这个可怜的姑娘无疑就是在那里找到这件衣服的。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion.”

这种自上而下的时尚业观念已经过时至极，与《过度着装》中描述的那个狂热世界也格格不入——《过度着装》是伊丽莎白·克莱因耗时三年写成的对“快时尚”的控诉。

Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year — about 64 items per person — and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

她发现，美国人每年购买约200亿件衣服——人均约64件——无论他们捐出多少，这种过量消费都会造成浪费。

Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year.

微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器都提供了DNT功能；谷歌的Chrome浏览器预计今年也会提供。

The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we?

化石记录表明，许多物种已经存续了数百万年——那我们为什么不能呢？

Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years.

以更宽广的视角看看我们这个物种在宇宙中的位置，就会清楚地发现，我们极有可能再生存数万年，甚至数十万年。

For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

例如，“恒今基金会”的旗舰项目是一座机械钟，其设计目标是在数千年后仍能计时。

According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

根据《2010年世界社会科学报告》，自2000年以来，全球社会科学专业学生的人数每年增长约11%。

This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category.

今年有人提议改变这一体系：将于2014年实施的新计划“地平线2020”将不再设立这样的类别。

For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very [concept] of money itself,” only to [reverse] itself several years later.

例如，《商业周刊》在1975年曾预言电子支付手段很快就会“彻底变革货币这一概念本身”，结果几年后却推翻了自己的说法。

As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total — disappeared.”

正如戴维森所指出的：“在截至2009年的10年里，（美国）工厂裁员速度之快，几乎抹去了此前70年的全部增长；大约每三个制造业岗位中就有一个——总计约600万个——消失了。”

As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total — disappeared.”

正如戴维森所指出的：“在截至2009年的10年里，（美国）工厂裁员速度之快，几乎抹去了此前70年的全部增长；大约每三个制造业岗位中就有一个——总计约600万个——消失了。”

Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.

去年，欧盟委员会副主席维维亚娜·雷丁发出了自愿行动的号召。

After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London’s best restaurants at least twice a week.

支付各种账单后，托尼每周有60英镑可花，其中40英镑用于吃饭；但10年前，他从事企业公关工作，年薪13万英镑，每周至少在伦敦最好的餐馆吃两次饭。

After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London’s best restaurants at least twice a week.

支付各种账单后，托尼每周有60英镑可花，其中40英镑用于吃饭；但10年前，他从事企业公关工作，年薪13万英镑，每周至少在伦敦最好的餐馆吃两次饭。

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week.

我可以从过去53年中随便挑出一个日期，立刻知道那天我在哪里、新闻里发生了什么，甚至那天是星期几。

Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

佛蒙特州参议院被安特吉公司的行为激怒，去年以26票对4票否决了延期。

Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years.

该公司承诺安全运营朝圣者核电站，并已申请联邦许可，让其再运营20年。

Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.

真正新颖的发现主张有时需要数年才能被接受和认可。

The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States.

美国公共部门雇员中，年收入远超25万美元的只有大学体育教练和美国总统。

The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

联网计算机提供了50年来第一次扭转这种流向的机会，鼓励有思考的下载，更重要的是，鼓励有意义的上传。

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.

家庭作业从来都不太受学生甚至许多家长的欢迎，但近年来它尤其遭人鄙夷。

Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.

接着，它把这种联系——哪怕是在两岁孩子身上——呈现为女孩不仅天真无邪，而且是天真无邪的证明。

It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.

直到20世纪80年代中期，放大年龄和性别差异成为儿童产品的主要营销策略，粉色才真正大行其道，开始显得天生对女孩有吸引力，成为界定她们女性身份的一部分，至少在最初几个关键年份里是如此。

I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong.

我原以为这个阶段是专家经过多年儿童行为研究后提出的：错了。

Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.

去年，一个联邦特别工作组敦促改革与基因检测相关的专利。

And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.

最终，它很可能会在未来许多年里重塑我们的政治、文化和社会特质。

In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.

据Liberum研究公司称，由于紧张不安的董事会坚持留用现有领导人，第三季度首席执行官的更替率比一年前下降了23%。

For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

多年来，高管和猎头们一直遵循这样一条规则：最有吸引力的首席执行官候选人是那些必须去挖来的人。

It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.

一年后，她才成为一家小型网上商品交易所的负责人。

He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

三年后，他终于在一家大型金融机构担任了这一职务。

Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

例如，丰田汽车公司通过一场相对迅速且精心策划的社交媒体应对活动，减轻了今年早些时候召回危机造成的部分损失，其中包括在推特和社交新闻网站Digg等网站上直接与消费者互动。

No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

没有哪个学科像人文学科这样热衷于专业化。梅南先生指出，你可以用三年成为律师，用四年成为医生。但在人文学科获得博士学位的正常时间却是九年。毫不奇怪，多达一半的英语专业博士生在获得学位前就退学了。

No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

没有哪个学科像人文学科这样热衷于专业化。梅南先生指出，你可以用三年成为律师，用四年成为医生。但在人文学科获得博士学位的正常时间却是九年。毫不奇怪，多达一半的英语专业博士生在获得学位前就退学了。

Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

同样不足为奇的是，最终只有大约一半的人得到了他们当初读研究生时所追求的教授职位。职位实在太少了。部分原因是大学不断培养出越来越多的博士。但想学习人文学科的学生却越来越少：英语系在1970—1971学年授予的学士学位比20年后还要多。学生越少，所需的教师也就越少。因此，在花了十年时间撰写论文之后，许多人文学科的学生离开了这一行，去做他们没有受过训练的工作。

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became President of Brown University.

2000年1月，露丝·西蒙斯以外部董事身份加入高盛董事会；一年后，她成为布朗大学校长。

By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board.

到次年2月，西蒙斯女士已离开董事会。

A year ago the end seemed near.

一年前，末日似乎近在眼前。

Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.

虽然不是几年前常见的20%的利润率，但毕竟还是盈利了。

“Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now.

“三十年前，人们无法想象会在工作场所或酒吧禁烟，然而这正是我们现在的情况。

Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”

今年晚些时候，我们将发布一份白皮书，具体阐明我们将如何实现这一目标。”